Exam 2 Flashcards
esa,nepa, readings
What are the main types of harvest regulations used to manage fish and wildlife in the U.S.?
Licenses and permits, catch-and-release rules, creel and possession limits, length/size limits, seasonal and area closures, gear restrictions, quotas.
What are the goals of harvest regulations in the U.S.?
Prevent overharvest, protect spawning populations, balance ecosystems, ensure sustainable recreational and commercial use.
How are harvest regulations implemented?
They’re set by state and federal agencies using science and public input to balance wildlife health, recreation, and conservation goals.
What is the Riparian Doctrine and where is it used?
Used in the Eastern U.S.; gives water rights to landowners adjacent to water bodies based on ‘reasonable use.’
What is the Prior Appropriations Doctrine and where is it used?
Used in the Western U.S.; water rights are based on ‘first in time, first in right’ and require beneficial use.
How does history influence water rights allocation in the U.S.?
Eastern laws derived from British tradition emphasizing navigation, while Western laws reflect Spanish/Mexican influence and Gold Rush customs emphasizing irrigation.
What is the purpose of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)?
To assess environmental impacts of federal actions, ensure informed decision-making, and involve the public.
What is a Categorical Exclusion (CE)?
A type of NEPA action for minor projects not expected to significantly affect the environment.
What is an Environmental Assessment (EA)?
A brief NEPA review to determine if a project may cause significant environmental effects.
What is an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)?
A detailed analysis required when a project is expected to significantly impact the environment.
What is the purpose of the Endangered Species Act (ESA)?
To prevent species extinction and promote recovery of threatened and endangered species.
What are the 4 main steps of ESA implementation?
Listing, Protection, Recovery, Delisting.
What is the process for listing a species under the ESA?
Petition by any entity, followed by FWS review and decision within set timelines using best scientific data.
What is the main argument in Larson (2007)?
Challenges the dichotomy of native vs. invasive species, emphasizing the socio-ecological context and systems thinking.
What is the main finding in Taylor et al. (2005)?
Species with critical habitat and recovery plans improve more over time; ESA effectiveness increases with earlier listing and funding.
