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NUR 333 > EXAM 2 > Flashcards

EXAM 2 Flashcards

1
Q

hypertension symptoms

A

dizzy, palpitations, headache, nosebleed, sob, anger

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2
Q

HTN complications

A

cardiovascular disease, MI, stroke, heart failure, peripheral vascular, renal, retinal issues

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3
Q

nursing problems (familiarize)

A

risk for unstable BP, activity intolerance, decreased cardiac output, ineffective tissue perfusion, fatigue, impaired gas exchange, ineffective airway clearance, fluid volume excess or deficit, knowledge deficit, ineffective health maintenance

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4
Q

nursing care of HTN

A

determine risk factors, assist with life change, promote heart healthy nutrition, weight reduction, smoking cessation, med management, BP monitoring

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5
Q

patient education of HTN

A

screening, management, lifestyle, when to seek immediate attention

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6
Q

when should a patient seek immediate care for HTN

A

> 180>110, headache, chest pain, dizzy, numb, weak, loss of words or vision, nosebleed, extreme anxiety

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7
Q

DASH diet summary

A

rich in fruit and veggies, low fat dairy, reduced fat diet

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8
Q

hypotension symptoms

A

pallor, skin mottling, clammy, lightheaded, dizzy, syncope, blurred vision, chest pain, tachy, decrease urine output, nausea and vomitting

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9
Q

hypotension treatment

A

treat vasodilation, loss of blood volume, failure of heart to pump

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10
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

too much cholesterol and triglycerides

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11
Q

lipids

A

fat in blood stream

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12
Q

cholesterol

A

waxy fat in all body cells

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13
Q

hyperlipidemia diagnostic process

A

starts at age 20, every 4-6 years
age 40, assess 10 year risk of cardiovascular issues
fasting for 9-12 hours

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14
Q

cholesterol lab values

A

cholesterol < 200

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15
Q

HDL lab value

A

HDL >55

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16
Q

LDL value

A

LDL<130

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17
Q

hyperlipidemia nursing care

A

weight management, alcohol, active, diet, drug therapy, education

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18
Q

diet modifications for hyperlipidemia

A

reduced saturated and trans fats, increase fiber, limit cholesterol, limit alcohol and simple sugar

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19
Q

VTE treatment

A

anticoagulation, thrombolytic, IVC filter

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20
Q

CBC use for cardiovascular

A

HGB, hematocrit

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21
Q

fasting lipid panel

A

cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides

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22
Q

afterload

A

resistance or pressure that heart must overcome to pump

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23
Q

cardiac output

A

volume of blood pumped by the heart in one minute

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24
Q

ejection fraction

A

% of blood pumped out of left ventricle with each contraction, >50% normal, <40% heart failure

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25
ischemia
inadequate blood supply to a body part
26
myocardial contractility
ability of heart to beat and pump blood effectively
27
orthostatic hypotension
SBP decrease of 20+ DBP decrease of 10+a
28
preload
amount of stretch in myocardium before it contracts
29
pulmonary embolism
blood clot that has travelled to the lung
30
pulse pressure
difference between systolic and diastolic BP, normally 1/3. High=atherosclerosis, exercise low=heart failure or hypovolemia
31
pulsus alternans
regular rhythm, but strength varies between beats
32
stroke
heart contraction
33
stroke volume
amount of blood ejected from the ventricle with each cardiac cycle
34
VTE
blood clot in veins
35
type 1 diabetes
common in younger people, abrupt onset, 5-10% of cases. NO endogenous insulin production, must have insulin replacement
36
type 2 diabetes
common in adults with risk factors, can go undiagnosed for years. Insulin RESISTANT, can be treated with oral meds, some need insulin
37
risk factors for type 2 diabetes
family, age over 45, race, gestational diabetes, physical inactivity, high body fat, high bp/cholesterol
38
fasting blood glucose
at least 8 hours, <126
39
casual blood glucose
<200, >300 us medical emergency
40
urine ketones
high ketones are associated with hyperglycemia
41
lipid profile and diabetes
HDL, LDL, triglycerides may be elevated in pt with diabetes
42
oral glucose tolerance test
fasting glucose measured prior, oral is consumed, checked every 30 for 2 hours
43
glycoslated hemoglobin A1c
indicator for average glucose for 120 days 4-6%, >6.5% is diabetic
44
diagnostic criteria for diabetes
a1c of 6.5 or higher fasting over 126 mg/Dl random gluocose over 200
45
caring for pre-diabetic pt
impaired glucose tolerance high risk for type 2 teach pt, lifestyle modification, encourage close monitoring, diet modification
46
what to do for DM when pt is sick
steroids increase blood sugar body can raise when sick, adjust appropriately at risk for DKA, check blood sugar more if vomiting
47
Nurse education for sick diabetes pt
let your provider know monitor bg 2-4 hours take meds prevent dehydration, meet carb needs rest
48
call prover (for Sick DM patients)
urine ketones BG >250 fever >101.5, not responding to tylenol tachy, confused inability to tolerate liquids illness >2 days
49
rapid acting insulin
lispro, aspart, glulisine onset:10-30 peak:30 duration:3-5
50
short acting
regular, humilin/novolin onset:30-60 peak: 2-5 hr duration: 5-8 hr
51
intermediate acting insulin
NPH, onset: 1.5-4 hr peak:4-12 duration: 12-18 hr
52
long acting
glargine, detemir, degludec onset: .8-4 peak:no pronounced peak duration: 16-24
53
inhaled insulin
afrezza onset: 12-15 min peak:60 duration: 2.5-3 hr
54
what does high alert med mean
always check current level, check diet order
55
hypoglycemia
BG less than 7p 15 g carbs, recheck, eat meal
56
hyperglycemia
can be caused by illness and infectio, weakness, fatigue,
57
macrovascular diabetes complications
damage to large vessels: coronary, preipheral vascular, cerebral vascular
58
microvascular diabetes complication
damage to capillaries, retinopathy, nephorpathies, neuropathies
59
nueropathy nursing considerations
high risk for foot ulcerations, loss of protective sensation
60
nurtritional considerations for diabetes
carbs: grains/fruit/legumes. milk fats: low in sat and trans fat fiber: promote fiber protein: promote intake from meat alcohol: 1 drink for women 1 for males
61
exercixe and diabetes
encourage it, can lower blood sugar, dont do if under 80 or over 250
62
diabetic dermopathy
reddish browm spots on thighs
63
acanthos nigricans
brown/black thickening
64
necrobiosis lipoidica
redness around blood vessels
65
malnourishment complications
dysrhythmia, skin breakdown hemorrhage, longer stay, delayed healing
66
nurse considerations for older adults
chronic illness, meds, GI changes, transportation, income, supplements
67
anthropometry
measure size and body makeup, height and weight, bmi, body folds, fat %
68
albumin
indicator of chronic illness
69
therapeutic diet orders
carbs, heart healthy, low residue, high fiber, gluten and lactose free, bland
70
nursing care to increase appetite
treat cause, support, smaller more frequent meals, allow preferences, oral hygeine, medsd
71
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing, refer to SLP
72
enteral nutrition
provides nutrients in gi tract, preferred if pt cant swallow but otherwise is fine
73
parenteral nutrition
IV nutrition
74
indications of enteral nutrition
prolonged anorexia, coma, impaired swallowing, compared to PN reduces sepsis, decreases mortality, maintains intestinal fxn
75
tube feed complications
aspiration, diarrhea, abd ccramping, tube occlusion, electrolyte imbalance, fluid overload, constipation, delayed emptying, hyperosmolar dehydration
76
tube in nose
nasogastric or nasointestinal
77
surgically placed feeding tube
gastronomy, jejunostomy
78
endoscopically placed feeding tube
peg, pej
79
nurses role in tube placement
insert NG using water soluble lubricant,
80
checking gastric residual
>250, wait 1 hr >500 ml, hold and call hcp

NUR 333 (3 decks)

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