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NUR 333 > Exam > Flashcards

Exam Flashcards

1
Q

variation in lung volume

A

occurs with age, gender, height

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2
Q

tidal volume

A

amount of air exhaled following a normal inspiration

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3
Q

list of expected breath sound

A

bronchial
bronchiovesicular
vesicular

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4
Q

bronchial sound

A

high pitched

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5
Q

bronchivesicular

A

medium pitch

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6
Q

Vesicular sound

A

low pitch

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7
Q

list of adventitious breath sounds

A

crackles, wheezes, ronchi, stridor
pleural friction rub

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8
Q

crackle sound

A

fine to course or bubbly, air that is passing through fluid or collapsed airways

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9
Q

wheeze sound

A

high pitched, whistling, found in narrow/obstructed airways

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10
Q

Ronchi sound

A

loud, low pitched rumbling, caused by fluid or mucus in airways

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11
Q

stridor

A

choking, happens in kids

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12
Q

bradypnea

A

regular but slow breaths <12/min

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13
Q

tachypnea

A

regular, abnormally rapid breaths >20/min

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14
Q

hyperpnea

A

labored breath with increased depth

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15
Q

apnea

A

periods where respirations cease

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16
Q

hyperventilation

A

rate and depth increase, hypocarbia, could be caused by anxiety

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17
Q

hypoventilation

A

RR depth is low, hypercarbia
inadequate alveolar ventilation

could be caused by meds, atelectasis, lung disease

symptoms: mental change, dysrhythmia, cardiac arrest

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18
Q

cheyne stokes respirations

A

rate and depth are irregular, alternating periods of apnea and hyperventilation, starts slow, speeds up, slows, stops, repeats

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19
Q

kussmauls respirations

A

abnormally deep and fast

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20
Q

factors that affect oxygenation

A

decreased carrying capacity (low hgb)
hypovolemia (dehydration)
decrease in inspired o2 (altitude)
Chest wall mvmt (pregnancy, msk issues, obesity

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21
Q

ventilation goals PaO2

A

80-100

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22
Q

ventilation goal PaCO2

A

35-45

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23
Q

ventilation goal SPO2

A

95-100

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24
Q

ventilation goals EtCO2

A

35-45

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25
atelectasis
collapsed alveoli +prevents regular gas exchange associated conditions: immobility, sleep apnea, chronic lung can lead to lung collapse, respiratory distress, resp. failure
26
Hypoxia
inadequate tissue oxygenation caused by decrease in hemoglobin, altitude, inability of tissues to get o2 from blood, decreased diffusion of O2 from alveoli symptoms:restlesss, inability to concentratedizzy, agitated, high bp then really low
27
chronic hypoxia
COPD, clubbing of nails, cyanotic nail beds, barrel chest
28
developmental considerations with O2
young/middle=avoidance of risk factors old=mental status change is the first sign, more susceptible to infection low reserve-deteriorate quickly
29
lifestyle factors with oxygenation
smoking, air quality, exercise, obesity, malnourished, substance use, occupational exposure
30
things to assess for oxygenation
cough dysonea SOB breath sounds pain pulmonary hx smoking hx environment med use occupational exposure
31
Dyspnea
associated with hypoxia, subjective sensation treat the underlying condition signs: nasal flaring, increase RR/depth ASK:when does it occur? what makes it better/worse?
32
cough exam
protective reflex to clear trachea, bronchi, lungs related to how often? what is coughed up?
33
purpose of sputum collection
analyze for pathogens best in early morning in sterile container
34
sputum test for acid fast bacillus
early TB detection, 3 consecutive days
35
sputum for cytology
can be used to test for lung cancer
36
basic ventilation studies
determines the lung ability to exchange O2
37
peak expiratory flow rate
reflects change in airway size
38
bronchoscopy
camera in trachiobronchial tree. potential for bx
39
lung scan
finding masses location and size
40
oxygenation nursing diagnosis
ineffective airway clearance, risk for aspiration, impaired gas exchange, activity intolerance
41
long term preventative for oxygen
vaccines, healthy lifestyle, environment
42
managing pulmonary secretions
mobilize, hydrate, humidify
43
position for o2
put pt in a position to maximize respiratory fxn and prevent atelectasis and frequently reposition them
44
chest physiotherapy
mobilize pulmonary secretions postural drainage, percussion
45
nasal cannula | L/M, % O2, cons, special instructions
1-6L/minute 22-44% tubing dislodges easily use humidification if >4L/min
46
Simple face mask | L/M, % O2, cons, special instructions
6-12L/M 33-55%O2 can cause breakdown or aspiration may only be used for short time
47
partial non rebreather
6-11L/M 60-75% short periods rebreathe 1/2 of the air for humidification
48
non-rebreather | L/M, % O2, cons, special instructions
10-15L/M 80-95%O2 used for critical need watch for aspiration
49
venturi mask
4-12L/M 60-75% precise delivery
50
face tent
24-100%O2 humid
51
oxygen toxicity symptom
visual loss, cataracts, bleeding in eyes, twitching, seizures, jerky breathing, irritation, coughing, pain, SOB
52
artificial airway
inserted into pt who may or may not breathe on their own
53
endotracheal tube
down throat
54
percutaneous trach
inserted between 2 and 3 tracheal ring
55
trach tube
plastic or metal through stoma, outer cannula with removable interior
56
indications for trach
acute airway obstruction, airway protection or for secretion removal
57
shiley trach
disposable inner cannula, cuff, obturator
58
jackson trach
reusable inner cannula, no cuff, obturator
59
indication for shiley trach
creates air seal which makes breaths strong
60
passy-muir speaking valve
only when cuff is deflated, , not during distress, ok to use given by MD
61
trach dislodgement process
keep obturator taped at bedside insert obturator, extend neck, remove obturator, check breath sounds, secure placement
62
nursing diagnosis related to trach
impaired verbal communication, risk for infection, impaired swallowing, body image disturbance, anxiety
63
nurse/ trach responsibilities
assess size and type, discomfort? O2 okay? trach care every 12 hours

NUR 333 (3 decks)

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