Exam #2 Flashcards
ch.5-7
A collection of symbols governed by rules and used to convey messages between people is designated by the term _____
language
____ govern the arrangement or sequence of language.
Syntactic Rules
The thoughts and feelings associated with a word provide the _______ of that word.
connotative meaning
A communication strategy that begins with a general statement and gets progressively more specific with each step is known as a(n)
abstraction ladder
___ rules help you know when it’s okay to laugh, when you should be silent, how to behave at work versus at home, and so on.
pragmatic rules
types of evasive language?
Euphemisms and equivocation
One well-known theory that explains how language affects perceptions is called the
sapir-whorf hypothesis
The concept of the coordinated management of meaning (CMM)
Meaning is negotiated
Linguistic relativism means that ____
the worldview of a culture is influenced by the language its members speak.
What word describes a version of the same language that contains substantially different words and meanings?
Dialect
_______ govern how words sound when pronounced.
Phonological rules
How do equivocal words differ from equivocation?
Whereas equivocal words can mislead unintentionally, equivocations are always deliberate
The tendency of people to dismiss facts they dislike as opinions, and believe that opinions they like are actually facts, is an example of
confirmation bias
Relational listening involves
emotionally connecting with others.
We process so much information every day—from instructors, friends, social media, TV, and other sources—that we only remember a small part of it, which is called the _______ message.
residual
According to some researchers, on average, what percentage of information does a person tend to remember immediately after hearing it?
50 %
An attempt at disguising the real meaning of a message, thereby masking a speaker’s true agenda:
counterfeit question
Which type of listener only pays attention to the parts of a conversation that are interesting to them?
selective listener
“Don’t you agree that I am a pretty good cook?” This is an example of what kind of counterfeit question?
leading question
A critical listener should:
examine the speaker’s evidence and reasoning.
This type of listener tries to balance “real-world listening” and social listening.
someone who divides attention
Which listening style is the best defense against being fooled by “pseudo-profound” assertions—statements that sound smart but are misleading or nonsensical?
mindful
Listening fidelity
describes the degree of similarity between what a listener understands and what the sender was attempting to communicate
Adriana perceived this question as an invasion of her privacy. Which type of faulty listening behavior was Adriana guilty of?
defensive
Which of the following involves the use of silence and statements of encouragement to elicit a response from another person?
prompting
Combinations of two or more simultaneous expressions showing different emotions are called
affect blends
What is not true about nonverbal communication?
you can avoid it
The expectancy violation theory helps explain
how our expectation of how others should behave around us affects our responses to them.
The study of how humans use and structure time is called _____
chronemics.
Nonverbal behaviors that reinforce the content of a verbal message are called
complementing behaviors.
Compared to verbal communication, nonverbal communication has _____
more ambiguity.
Most people can accurately detect when someone is lying to them on, approximately, what percentage of occasions?
50 %
Nonverbal behaviors that reflect an emotional state are called _____
affect displays
According to social scientist Edward Hall, allowing someone to move into your ____________ is usually a sign of trust.
intimate space
Postural cues are nonverbal signs for _______ and perceived likability.
Confidence
Nonverbal communication includes messages expressed through ____________ means.
non-linguistic means
What is not true of eye contact?
Eye contact is understood the same way in all cultures
The study of touch is called _____
haptics
Speaking loudly to emphasize your anger is an example of ?
paralanguage
The process of conveying messages without using words is the definition of
nonverbal communication
The study of body movement, facial expression, gesture, and posture is called ____
kinesics.
Most scholars agree that __________ factors more heavily influence how men and women nonverbally behave than biological factors.
social
The tendency to think that people you don’t care for are likely to lie to you means that you have a
deception bias
The term that explains how different cultures monitor nonverbal cues—such as looking to the eyes rather than mouth during interactions—is called _____
nonverbal focus
Which part of the brain governs nonverbal communication?
the limbic system
personal distance is defined as the space ____________ away from another person.
18 inch to 4 feet
