EXAM 2 Flashcards
Define self-concept
everything that makes up our personality, everything that makes us who we are
What are the differences between the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self?
Actual self: how we actually are in the world
Ideal: How we want to be
Ought: we we think we should be
What are self-discrepancies?
When there is a difference between one of the “3 selves” (actual, ideal, ought) - conflicts between the selves
What factors contribute to a person’s self-concept?
Feedback from others, environment in general, self-reflection and self observation
What are the different parenting styles?
Authoritive, authoritarian, permissive, neglectful
Permissive parenting style
High acceptance, low control
Authoritative parenting style
High control, high acceptance
Authoritarian parenting style
High control, low acceptance
Neglectful parenting style
Low acceptance, low control
What parenting style created the best adjusted child?
Authoritative - because they have high warmth and love but also keep children disciplined and regimented (eat at this time as a family, incorporates punishment in a positive way, etc.)
Define self-efficacy
one’s own belief in one’s ability to do something
How can someone increase self-efficacy?
Do the thing they want to do, build skill through practice, watch those who are already masters/good at what it is you want to do, get feedback from others –> Practice = better performance outcomes
Define self-esteem
Global evaluation of my worth as a person - am I acceptable? Do I have value? Do I matter? –> Overall, how we feel about ourselves
How can we increase our self-esteem?
Surround ourselves with kind and supportive people, do things we are good at, go to therapy, learn how to dispute negative self talk
What is a snap judgment?
A judgment we make about a person or situation automatically, no forethought or reasoning
What is a systematic judgment?
Judgments we make about a person or situation with reasoning: thinking about WHY someone might be behaving as they are or why a situation is the way it is – using empathy and logic – takes energy
What are attributions?
Attributions are things that allow us to try and understand the causes of a situation
What is an internal attribution?
When people make causal understanding based off what they see - someone sees someone yelling, they think they are an angry person, not considering context
What is an external attribution?
Taking a situation into consideration and including more factors than just what we see/infer based on internal biases
What is confirmation bias?
Our conscious belief that something will happen or come to be based on what we have seen and learned as kids, confirming things in the world we know to be based on certain beliefs of the way things “should be”
What is the self-fulfilling prophecy?
That we behave in ways that we say we will behave - “I am going to fail this exam” - not going to study, going to slack off and not try, vice versa
What is a stereotype?
Stereotypes are widely held beliefs that a person has certain traits and characteristics because of their membership in a certain group. EX) all women are bad drivers, all Asians are good at math
What is the fundamental attribution error?
When we explain behaviors based on things inside a person, and our OWN behavior based on circumstance - EX) I did not do well on that exam because I was sick and tired <– same person did not study for exam
What is the difference between automatic and controlled processing?
Automatic - no/little thought
Controlled - thinking about how we want to respond to something
