Exam 2 Flashcards
Feed Effciency
Definition
Amount of feed neeeded to produce a product
Most Feed Effcient Species?
Dairy Cattle
& Fish
Least Feed Efficient Species?
Beef Cattle
Average Beef FCR
6:1
Fixed Formulation
- Ingredients are the exact same every time the diet is mixed
- Nutrient composition is not consistent
- Common in pet food industry
Least Cost Formulation
- Ingredients change based on price
- more consistent nutritients
- Used in livestock operations
Which is beter in gain to feed ratio?
Gross Feed Effiency?
Higher # is better
Feed Conversion Ratio
Lower # is better
Orts
leftover or wasted feed
Isocaloric
same amount of energy per animal
Isonitrogenous
same amount of nitrogen per animal
Measurements of Digestibility
Apparent Total Tract Digestibility
ATTD
- Simply looking at what comes out
- Does NOT accout for endogenous losses
Measurements of Digestibility
Apparent Ileal Digestibility
AID
- Most common in swine
- Measures absorption at terminak ileum
- Avoids fermentation in LI
Does NOT account for endogenous losses
Measurements of Digestibility
Standardized Ileal DIgestibility
SID
- Very common for amino acid digestibilty in swine
- Same process as AID
- Some animal sare fed protein free to quantify basal engoenus losses
Does TDN over or under estimate the energy value of forages?
Over
and under estimates concentrates
Corn
- High beta carotene
high thiamin and niacin but low in other nutrients
Sorghum (Milo)
- 8-12% CP
- Can replace corn if processed
Oats
High fiber
highly palatable
BArley
12% CP
High FIber
Wheat
- Contains xylans
Wheat Middlings
80% TDN
HIgher protein thanother grraisn
HIGH PHOSPHORUS
Animal Fats
Saturated
Vegetable Oils
Unsaturated
Calcium Salts of LCFA
Bypass rumen digestion
What fats are toxic to rumen microbes
Unsaturated
