Exam 2

Question 1

In C4 photosynthesis, CO2 fixation and the Calvin cycle are spatially separated, whereas in CAM plants these two pathways are temporally separated. Explain.

Answer 1

In C4 photosynthesis, CO2 fixation and the Calvin cycle occur in 2 different cells. CO2 fixation happens in the mesophyll cells and the Calvin cycle happens in the bundle sheath cells. In CAM plants, CO2 fixation happens at night and the Calvin cycle happens during the day.
took .2 off

Question 2

Which molecule would you need to radioactively label in order to produce radioactive oxygen (O2) during the process of photosynthesis?

Answer 2

water

Question 3

Cyclic electron flow utilizes photosystem 1 and produces ATP for the Calvin cycle.

Answer 3

true

Question 4

In the figure below, which process likely contributes to the differences in leaf photosynthesis?

Answer 4

???

Question 5

In reference to the carbon cycle, plant respiration is one of the main processes of CO2 (carbon dioxide) uptake.

Answer 5

false

Question 6

In some plants, photorespiration increases carbon fixation by nearly 50%.

Answer 6

false

Question 7

Dicots exhibit

Answer 7

a tap root

Question 8

Monocots and dicots/eudicots are capable of secondary growth.

Answer 8

false

Question 9

In epigeous germination

Answer 9

the hypocotyl pulls the cotyledon and plumule up in the air

Question 10

Which of the following is needed for quiescent seeds to germinate?

Answer 10

water
O2
temp
light

Question 11

these ensure favorable conditions for germination and growth of dormant seeds?

Answer 11

• pass through the digestive tract of animal
• fire/smoke
• leeching by water
• open space/disturbance

Question 12

In the figure below, is germination hypogeous or epigeous?

Answer 12

hypogeous
Germination is Hypogeous (A type of germination in which the cotyledons remain underground

Question 13

Is the seed in the figure below a monocot or dicot?

Answer 13

monocot

Question 14

How do sun leaves differ from sun leaves (anatomically and in function)?

only got half of the pts

Answer 14

Sun leaves are smaller, and the venation is thicker. Shade leaves are bigger and thinner.

Sun leaf
Leaf size = small
Leaves are thicker
Maximizing photosynthesis

Shade leaf
Leaf size = large
Leaves are thinner
Maximizing light capture

Under low light = similar photosynthetic rates
Under high light = sun leaves have higher photosynthesis

Question 15

Discuss the need for a plant to maintain a balance between its shoot and root systems?

Answer 15

Plants maintain a balance between roots and shoots (root:shoot ratio)

If the root system is damaged and impacts the
ability of plants to absorb nutrients and water then,
shoot growth decreases

If the size of the shoot system decreases then,
root growth decreases with the decrease in availability of carbohydrates

Question 16

match cell type to tissue system
sclereid

Answer 16

ground tissue system

Question 17

match cell type to tissue system
stomata with guard cells

Answer 17

dermal tissue system

Question 18

match cell type to tissue system
trichome

Answer 18

dermal tissue system

Question 19

match cell type to tissue system
fibers

Answer 19

vascular tissue

Question 20

match cell type to tissue system
the strings on the outer surface of celery stalks

Answer 20

dermal tissue system

Question 21

match cell type to tissue system
tracheid

Answer 21

vascular tissue

Question 22

Xylem cells are living at maturity, whereas phloem cells are dead at maturity.

Answer 22

false

Question 23

Briefly explain how Giant Sequoia can reach a circumference of 35 m (or 114feet).

Question 24

Seasonality has no significant effect on the activity of the vascular cambium.

Answer 24

false

Question 25

Heartwood is non-conducting wood containing oils, gums, resins, and tannins.

Answer 25

true

Question 26

Late wood is produced at peak growth.

Answer 26

false

Question 27

In secondary growth, the conducting cells of the phloem are typically located

Answer 27

closest to the vascular cambium

Question 28

In secondary growth, the periderm typically replaces the epidermis.

Answer 28

true

Question 29

The radial system is composed of rays and function

Answer 29

in the movement of substances between secondary xylem and secondary phloem.

Question 30

Mesophyte plants require a large amount of water.

Answer 30

habitat and water availability are important factors affecting leaf form and function
false
mesophytes: req an environ that’s neither too wet nor dry
hydrophytes: req a large amount of water
xerophytes: adapted to arid habitats

Question 31

Xerophytes will typically have large intercellular spaces to maintain gas exchange.

Answer 31

false it would be hydrophytes

Question 32

this stem is characteristic of a plant with parallel leaf venation and a fibrous root system (monocot)

Answer 32

vascular bundles are randomly located, no vascular cambium, no secondary growth

Question 33

Which anatomical characteristic below is the oldest region of the root?

Answer 33

apical meristem

Question 34

As water moves apoplastically from the soil to the root hair and through the cortex, it must pass through the _____________ to reach the vascular bundle.

Answer 34

endodermis

Question 35

Cells of the root actively divide in the region of elongation.

Answer 35

false

Question 36

Sieve tube elements in the phloem are considered living cells at maturity because of the presence of the

Answer 36

companion cell

Question 37

The procambium gives rise to tracheids and vessel elements.

Answer 37

true

Question 38

A plant with vessels would be

Answer 38

more efficient at transporting water

Question 39

Provide a list of each primary meristem and primary tissues (including tissue system) that is gives rise to in the plant body.

Answer 39

Primary meristems include the protoderm, ground meristem, and procambium. The primary tissue of the protoderm is the epidermis (part of the dermal tissue system). The primary tissues of the ground meristem include parenchyma, sclerenchyma, and collenchyma. The tissue system associated with these is the ground tissue system. The procambium gives rise to the primary xylem and phloem. These tissues are part of the vascular tissue system.

Question 40

what best describes a cactus cladophyll?

Answer 40

modified stem for photosynthesis