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Plant Bio > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

You stumble into a time machine and find yourself transported back in evolutionary time just prior to plants moving onto land. What ecosystem/environment is characterized as a significant transition to land? What adaptation(s) would you expect plants to have in this environment?

A

Shoreline; hold fast and cell walls for support

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2
Q

Which of the following supported the success of plants on land?

A
  • vascular system
  • shoot system
  • root system
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3
Q

When comparing plant and animal cells, which of the following is unique to plant cells?

A

cell wall

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4
Q

The evolution of autotrophs (plants) led to the modern flow of energy.

A

true

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5
Q

Match the structure with its function
stomata

A

facilitates gas exchange

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6
Q

Match the structure with its function
vascular system

A

conducting system that moves substances throughout the plant body

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7
Q

Match the structure with its function
roots

A

absorb water and nutrients

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8
Q

leaves

A

photosynthetic organs

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9
Q

apical meristem

A

site of cell division

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10
Q

is the process in which genetic changes in plant populations evolved as a result of selection by humans.

A

domestication

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11
Q

Most of the dry weight of living organisms is composed of the following organic molecules:

A

carbs
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids

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12
Q

Which organic molecule functions as an enzyme/catalyst?

A

protein

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13
Q

Proteins are one of the least abundant organic molecules and function to translate genetic material (DNA).

A

false

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14
Q

Nucleic acids are the main component of DNA, RNA, and

A

ATP

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15
Q

Match each organelle with its cellular function
chloroplast

A

captures solar energy

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16
Q

Match each organelle with its cellular function
ribosomes

A

produced in the nucleolus

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17
Q

nucleus

A

controls activities of the cell

18
Q

mitochondria

A

site of cellular respiration-breaking down sugar for energy

19
Q

vacuoles

A

stores toxic secondary metabolites

20
Q

golgi apparatus/body

A

involved in secretion, uses vesicles

21
Q

cell wall

A

prevents rupture of the plasma membrane following the uptake of water

22
Q

the endoplasmic reticulum produces ribosomes

A

false
it produces proteins-rough ER
produced in nucleolus

23
Q

Interphase prepares the cell for

A

cell division

24
Q

Diffusion describes the random movement of individual molecules from an area of ____________ concentration to an area of ____________ concentration.

A

high, low

25
Q

Which process, below, describes how plant absorb water in to their cells?

A

osmosis

26
Q

Based on the figure below, water is moving out of the cell. Which of the following is a true statement?

A

Solute (for example salt) concentration is higher outside of the cell compared to inside the cell.

27
Q

An element that crosses the plasma membrane against its electrochemical gradient will use ATP in active transport.

A

true

28
Q

When considering energy flow, light energy is absorbed by the mitochondria.

A

false

29
Q

During cellular respiration the coenzyme NAD+ gains electrons through __________ reactions and loses electrons to the electron transport chain through ________ reactions.

A

reduction, oxidation

30
Q

In cellular respiration, mitochondria use carbohydrate and __________ produced from the chloroplasts to generate ATP.

A

O2

31
Q

Enzymes increase the energy required for a reaction to occur.

A

false

32
Q

Which of the following regulate enzyme activity?

A

temperature and pH

33
Q

During glycolysis, glucose is converted to pyruvate inside the matrix of the mitochondria.

A

false

34
Q

At the electron transport chain, ATP is produced by ATP synthase complex.

A

true

35
Q

At the electron transport chain, which element is the final electron acceptor that binds with H+?

A

????
not FAD+

36
Q

CO2 is produced during the preparatory stage and citric acid cycle of cellular respiration.

A

true

37
Q

An enzyme of catalyst is destroyed once a reaction is complete.

A

false

38
Q

The flow of energy through the biosphere can only continue as long as there is an input of energy from the sun.

A

true

39
Q

Distinguish between a substance moving down a concentration gradient and a substance moving against a concentration gradient.

A

A substance moving down a concentration gradient would be moving from a region of high solute concentration to a region of low solute concentration. A substance moving against a concentration gradient would be the opposite. It would be moving from an area of low concentration toward a high concentration of its molecules. ???why .5 off

40
Q

In cellular respiration, how does the flow of electrons in the electron transport chain result in the formation of ATP?

A

The flow of electrons in the electron transport chain results in protons inside the cell. Those protons are then pumped outside using ATP due to active transport. Now there is a proton gradient that drives the ATP synthase complex. The protons are pumped back into the cell through the ATP synthase complex. A proton is attached to an ADP to make ATP.??-2 pt

41
Q

a)What are the four stages of cellular respiration?

b) For each stage (listed above), what are the inputs and outputs?

c) Which stage (listed above) produces the most ATP?

A

a) The 4 stages of cellular respiration are Glycolysis, the Preparatory phase, the Citric Acid Cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain.

b) The inputs of Glycolysis are 2 ATP, a glucose molecule, 2 NAD+, and 2 ADP. The outputs are 4 ATP, 2 Pyruvate molecules, and 2 NADH.

The inputs of the Preparatory phase are 2 Pyruvate molecules, 2 ATP, 2 CO2, 2 FADH, and 2 NADH. The outputs are 4 CO2, 2 ATP, 2 NAD+, 2 FAD+, and 6 Acetyl CoA.

The inputs of the Citric Acid Cycle are 6 Acetyl CoA molecules, 2 ATP, 4 CO2, 2 NAD+, and 2 FAD+. The outputs are 2 NADH, 2 FADH, and 2 ATP.

The inputs of the Electron Transport Chain are 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 FADH. The outputs are 1 FADH and 30-32 ATP.

c) The Electron Transport Chain produces the most ATP.

Plant Bio (9 decks)

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