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Women's Health Exam 1 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the embryo implant?

A

Endometrial lining (uterus)

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2
Q

What happens during ovulation?

A

-LH causes the release of the egg from the follicle
-Increased vaginal mucus or spotting
-Egg enters the fallopian tube for 12-24 hours

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3
Q

Where does conception happen?

A

In the fallopian tube
The embryo implants in the endometrial lining

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4
Q

Understand what is meant by the fertile window

A

Day of ovulation and the 5 days before ovulation

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5
Q

Identify when conception is most likely to occur

A

During the fertile window, if the sperm is waiting for the ovulation of the egg in the fallopian tube

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6
Q

Estrogen

A

ovary and corpus luteum

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7
Q

Progesterone

A

ovary and corpus luteum

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8
Q

LH

A

pituitary gland

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9
Q

FSH

A

pituitary gland

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10
Q

General principles around pregnancy intendedness (3)

A

Pregnancy Intendedness: the idea that a couple is hoping to become pregnant soon
Some pregnancies are unplanned but that doesn’t mean they are unwanted
More than 1 in 3 mothers did not intend to become pregnant when they did

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11
Q

Definition of preconception planning

A

The steps a woman takes before she becomes pregnant in ensuring good health during pregnancy. For example, ensuring adequate nutrition and taking prenatal vitamins

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12
Q

Considerations when choosing a birth control method (7)

A

How it works,
advantages, disadvantages, effectiveness,
STI protection,
personal values,
and reproductive plans

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13
Q

General Types of Birth Control

A

Behavioral
Hormonal
Barrier
Surgical

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14
Q

Behavioral

A

PRO: no side effects
Used by anyone
cost - effective
CON: limited effectiveness
Need to abstain from sexual intercourse certain days/month
No protection from STI
Time commitment (charting, tracking, learning)

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15
Q

Hormonal

A

PRO: Relieve period symptoms like acne, PMS, cramping
Stop or decrease bleeding
Decrease risk of ovarian cancer and osteoporosis
CON
Side effect such as headache, nausea, water retention, sore breast
Spotting between periods
Small risk of blood clot or elevated blood pressure
Doesn’t protect against STI

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16
Q

Barrier

A

PRO: Condoms offer protection from STI
Can be used as backup
Short or long term
CON:
Small risk of bacterial infection or toxic shock syndrome for diaphragm, sponge, cervical cap
Must be used properly
May have higher long term cost

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17
Q

Surgical

A

PRO: effective at preventing pregnancy
Permanent
Some procedures don’t require anything from female
CON: May not be reversible
Permanent
More expensive
Some procedures require more recovery
Does not protect against STI

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18
Q

Identify physical evidences of pregnancy

A

Spotting or very light menstrual period
Tender breasts
Feeling tired
Upset stomach
Bloating
Frequent urination

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19
Q

Calculate a due date

A

First day of last known period
Count back 3 months
Add 7 days

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20
Q

Methods to confirm a pregnancy

A

Urine pregnancy test
Blood pregnancy test
ultrasound

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21
Q

General pregnancy facts (duration, trimesters, etc.)

A

Pregnancy duration: 38 weeks from conception, 40 weeks from first day of last period
First time moms who were not induced: average pregnancy was 41 weeks, 3 days

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22
Q

Trimesters

A

First Trimester: 0-12 weeks
Second Trimester: 13-27 weeks
Third Trimester: 28-40+ weeks

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23
Q

Placenta

A

supplies fetus with oxygen and nutrients from mother’s bloodstream

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24
Q

Amnion

A

fetal sac that envelops the embryo

25
Q

Umbilical cord

A

connects the developing embryo to the placenta

26
Q

Pica

A

abnormal food cravings

27
Q

Tests from 10-20 weeks

A

chorionic villus sampling, amniocentesis, material serum test

28
Q

Test from 36-37 weeks

A

group strep B test

29
Q

Essential nutrients during pregnancy

A

Iron
Folic Acid
B6
B12

30
Q

Blood volume & composition

A

Increased in plasma volume
Everything else is diluted
Increase in clotting factors

31
Q

Stomach/GI tract

A

Increased nausea and vomiting
Stomach moves upward
Increased gastric pressure + decreased esophageal sphincter tone (heartburn)

32
Q

Breast changes

A

Increase in tenderness
Increase in size/weight

33
Q

Cardiac changes

A

Increased cardiac output
Increased heart rate
Decreased vascular resistance

34
Q

Glucose/Lipid metabolism

A

Increased insulin resistance + decreased insulin sensitivity = gestational diabetes
Increase in cholesterol and triglycerides

35
Q

Uterine changes

A

Enlargement
Fundus increases in length

36
Q

Kidney changes

A

Increased blood flow to kidneys
Increased kidney size
Increase filtration rate

37
Q

Endocrine (hormonal) changes

A

Increased thyroid hormones
Increased cortisol in the 3rd trimester

38
Q

Respiratory function changes

A

Increased oxygen demand
Increased feelings of breathlessness

39
Q

Calcium metabolism changes

A

Increased calcium absorption
Increased risk for kidney stones

40
Q

Bonus changes (7)

A

Increased progesterone (early in pregnancy)
Increased estrogen (late in pregnancy)
Increased protein metabolism
Increased prolactin
Increased oxytocin
Increased water retention from the kidneys (swelling)
Increased frequency of urination

41
Q

Vaccines during pregnancy

A

T-DAP
influenza

42
Q

Characteristics of pregnancy induced hypertension

A

Swelling due to water retention
Protein in urine
Sudden weight gain
Headaches
Temporary kidney failure
Possible death

43
Q

4 stages of birth

A

Dilation
Birth
Placenta
Recovery and Family Bonding

44
Q

Dilation

A

1st phase: early labor
2nd phase: active labor
3rd phase: transition

45
Q

Birth

A

1st phase: resting
2nd phase: descent
3rd phase: crowning

46
Q

Identify 3 distinct signs of labor

A

Uterine contractions < 5 minutes apart
Passage of the mucus plug
Release of membranes (water breaking)

47
Q

Identify general facts about birthing

A

About 5% of women give birth on their due dates
Early preparation and knowledge will help the mother have the birth experience she hopes for
Each birth and pregnancy is different, even for the same mother on multiple children

48
Q

Identify the 6 healthy birth practices outlined in the article, “Safe, Healthy Birth: What Every
Pregnant Woman Needs to Know”

A

Bring a loved one, friend, or doula for continuous support
Let labor begin on its own
Walk, move around, and change positions throughout labor
Avoid interventions that are not medically necessary
Keep mother and baby together, it’s best for breastfeeding
Avoid giving birth on the back, follow urges to push

49
Q

General reasons for cesarean birth

A

Genital herpes
Multiple babies
Breech or other difficult positioning

50
Q

Lamaze Method

A

natural childbirth coping techniques, including comfort measures, relaxation, and breathing

51
Q

Bradley Method

A

Communication between her husband/partner/birthing coach meeting the needs of the laboring woman

52
Q

Hypno-birthing Method

A

a mixture of visualization, relaxation and deep breathing techniques to produce pain management

53
Q

Percentage of mothers who experience a perinatal mental health disorder

A

20-25%

54
Q

Define perinatal period

A

The time during pregnancy and up to one year postpartum

55
Q

Understand who is at risk of and impacted by mood disorders before or after their child is born

A

Mothers
Fathers
Grandfathers

56
Q

Pelvic floor disorders

A

a group of conditions that affect the pelvic floor due to weakened pelvic muscles or tears in the connective tissue

57
Q

Pelvic floor prolapse

A

the dropping of the pelvic organs caused by the loss of normal support of the vagina

58
Q

What to expect after delivery

A

General soreness and perineal pain
Vaginal discharge
Tender breasts
Weight loss
Contracts
Hemorrhoids
Hair loss and skin changes

Women's Health Exam 1 (2 decks)

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