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MEDL 200 > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

solution

A

a mixture, usually 2 parts, solute and solvent

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2
Q

solute

A

the part that is dissolved
(usually minor part)

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3
Q

solvent

A

the part that dissolves the solute
(usually water)

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4
Q

diluent

A

a substance that dilutes a fluid

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5
Q

dilution

A

adding diluent to a concentrated solution to decrease the concentration

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6
Q

concentrated solutions

A

large portions of solute in solution

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7
Q

water purity type 1

A
  • best quality
  • reagents
  • standards
  • controls
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8
Q

water purity type 2

A
  • good quality
  • solutions
  • stored in closed bottles for a short time
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9
Q

water purity type 3

A
  • lowest quality
  • washing
  • makes type 1 and 2
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10
Q

purity

A

determined by amount of electrical resistance

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11
Q

steps to water purification system

A

distillation, deionization, reverse osmosis, carbon absorption, and filtration

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12
Q

quality control

A

resistivity, temperature, filter life, and bacterial growth

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13
Q

<5 the number to be rounded…

A

does not change

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14
Q

> 5 the number to be rounded…

A

increase by 1

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15
Q

if the number to be dropped is a 5 and the number before it is ODD…

A

increase by 1

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16
Q

if the number to be dropped is a 5 and the number before it is EVEN…

A

it will stay the same

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17
Q

hematology

A

the study of blood and blood forming tissues

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18
Q

complete blood count

A

tested # of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets
- differential
- hemoglobin

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19
Q

complete blood count diagnose

A

anemia, leukaemia, infection, thalassemia

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20
Q

are clots allowed in hematology specimens?

A

NO

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21
Q

factors affecting the quality of a peripheral blood smear (PBS)

A
  • age of specimen
  • quality of glass slides
  • drop size
  • properly mixed blood
  • quick smear after drop
  • correct technique
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22
Q

what stain do we use at SAIT

A

wrights

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23
Q

steps of staining for wrights

A

-fixation
-staining
-washing

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24
Q

fixation

A

-kills blood cells
-dehydrates cells
-causes cells to adhere to the glass slide

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25
Q

staining

A

first undiluted stain is flooded onto the smear to permeate the cells
- methylene blue
- azures A,B,C, methylene violet
- eosin Y
(each of these components dyes stain different parts of the cells)

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26
Q

what are the components dyes used in the staining process

A

-methylene blue
- azures A,B,C, methylene violet
- eosin Y
(each of these components dyes stain different parts of the cells)

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27
Q

washing

A

staining is stopped by rinsing off the stain
- buffer with an excess of buffer and then air drying the stained smear.

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28
Q

staining QC

A

PBS is stained and checked for colour, stain intensity and artifacts (precipitate)

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29
Q

basic dyes attach to *** components

A

ACID🟪
- purplish colour

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30
Q

acid dyes attach to *** components

A

BASIC🩷🧡
- pinky orange colour

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31
Q

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

A
  • distance in mm that RBC will fall per unit time (mm/hr)
  • tubes placed vertically
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32
Q

who has to order a ESR

A

dermatologist

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33
Q

ESR distance from plasma meniscus to RBC meniscus?

A

measured after ONE hour

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34
Q

3 main areas in chemistry

A

routine chem
routine urinalysis
special chem

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35
Q

serum

A

liquid portion without clotting factors

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36
Q

plasma

A

liquid portion with clotting factors

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37
Q

gestational diabetes

A

screen —> NO fasting —> 50g glucose —> 1hr

38
Q

GTT gestational (pregnant)

A

fasting —> 75g glucose —> 1hr —> 2hrs

39
Q

GTT non gestational

A

fasting —> 75g glucose —> 2hrs

40
Q

sodium

A

primary EXTRAcellular ion

41
Q

potassium

A

major INTRAcellular ion

42
Q

chloride

A

2nd most prevalent extracellular ion

43
Q

bilirubin specimens must be collected away from ***

A

light to prevent falsely decreased results

44
Q

pheresis collections

A

used to collect only plasma or platelets

45
Q

autologous donations

A

donates whole blood for their own use

46
Q

packed RBCs

A

decreased oxygen carrying capacity

47
Q

plasma (plasmapheresis)

A

deficiencies of all coagulation factors

48
Q

platelets (plateletpheresis)

A

not enough platelets

49
Q

how many people need to verify identity of patient when doing a collection of blood for compatibility testing?

A

2 people independently must verify

50
Q

compatibility test is called?

A

type and screen

51
Q

what’s a cross match?

A

patient plasma mixed with donor cells

52
Q

what’s a cause of hemolytic disease of newborn (HDN)?

A

incompatibility of mother and fetus due to Rh factor
- mom is Rh neg and baby is Rh pos

53
Q

when bags are centrifuged at the CBS what’s the different layers?

A

top: plasma
middle: buffy coat
bottom: RBCs

54
Q

flammability range

A

the concentration range of vapour or air in which the mixture will burn

55
Q

flash point

A

the lowest temp where enough vapour is given off to form a flammable mixture with air

56
Q

TLV or PEL

A

maximum limit of exposure to an air contaminant

57
Q

STEL

A

maximum concentration that can be tolerated for 15 mins from time to time

58
Q

what are the 3 component of WHMIS

A
  • SDS
  • labels
  • education
59
Q

PBS: spreader angle >30 degrees

A

smear to thick and short

60
Q

PBS spreader angle is <30 degrees

A

smear too thin and long

61
Q

lifting the spreader before the end of the slide…

A

tails

62
Q

correct angle between spreader and slide

A

30 degrees

63
Q

monolayer

A

where RBCs are evenly spaced

64
Q

the smear should be made from ** anti coagulated blood within ** hours of collection

A

EDTA, 3 hours

65
Q

acidic dye component is **, staining parts of the cell a ** colour

A

eosin, red colour

66
Q

the basic dye component is **, staining parts of the cell a ** colour

A

methylene blue, blue colour

67
Q

slides are fixed in ***

A

methanol

68
Q

the HEMA-TEK is an ** stained that works by ** action

A

automatic, capillary

69
Q

in the ESR procedure RBCs are allowed to settle for *** hour

A

one hour

70
Q

what 2 things can falsely increase ESR results?

A
  • SED rate tube not vertical
  • vibration
71
Q

what tests are performed on donated blood?

A
  • antibody screen
  • ABO/Rh type
  • anti-HIV screen
72
Q

what component matches with thrombocytopenia

A

platelet concentrate

73
Q

what component matches with burn patients

A

albumin

74
Q

what component matches with decreased oxygen carrying capacity

A

red cell concentrate

75
Q

what component matches with coagulation factor deficiencies

A

plasma

76
Q

what component matches with hemophilia A

A

factor VIII concentrate

77
Q

what component matches with prevention of Rh HDN

A

Rh immune globulin

78
Q

what component matched with an expensive product containing performed antibodies

A

IV immune globulins

79
Q

in a cross match the patients ** is tested with the donors **

A

plasma, red cells

80
Q

when a baby is born with HDN, the blood chemistry test that is monitored is

A

bilirubin

81
Q

Rh HDN occurs when the mother is Rh ** and the baby is Rh **

A

negative, positive

82
Q

what is the only red blood cell type that can be transfused to a type O patient?

A

O

83
Q

what is the universal donor of red blood cells?

A

O negative

84
Q

WHMIS divided into two groups

A

physical and health hazards

85
Q

safety showers

A

shower for 15 mins

86
Q

eye wash station

A

get to station within 10 seconds, keep eyes open and wash for minimum 15 minutes

87
Q

workplace labels are required when a product is:

A
  • transferred to a different container
  • hazardous material produced on site
  • supplier label has been damaged or removed
88
Q

the lower the flashpoint the greater the?

A

danger

89
Q

LD50

A

the amount of substance that will kill 50% of the test animals

90
Q

LC50

A

the amount of a substance in air that will kill 50% of the test animals when inhaled for a specific length of time

MEDL 200 (2 decks)

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