Exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Octavian (Caesar Augustus)
A
- Julius Caesar’s great nephew
- Caesar adopted Octavianus as his heir
- steps forward and gets control to avenge the death of Caesar
2
Q
Cleopatra
A
- ruler of Ptolemaic dynasty
- had a child w Julius Caesar named Caesarian
3
Q
Justinian
A
- Byzantine emperor from 527-565
4
Q
Constantine
A
- ## first emperor to be a Christian from 311-336
5
Q
Cicero
A
- Cicero’s orations
- “not to know what happened before one was born is always to be a child”
6
Q
Julius Caesar
A
- dictator for 10 years
- Roman general
7
Q
Hadrian
A
- Roman emperors from 117-138
8
Q
Jesus
A
- born about 4-7 BCE
- during the reign of Augustus
9
Q
St. Paul
A
- widespread travels
- foundation of Christian communities
-1/2 of the New Testament is by or about him
10
Q
St. Patrick
A
- a Roman Briton
- a person of Celtic ethnicity
- a slave in Ireland that herded sheep
- escaped and returned home to Ireland as a Christian missionary
11
Q
Odovacar
A
- a general in romes army
- king of Ostrogoths
- 476 CE
12
Q
Herod the great
A
- Rex socius = king of the Jews
-died 4 BCE
13
Q
Brigid of kildare
A
- 451-505 CE
- women were responsible for much of the preservation of ancient learning
- religious foundations offered rare opportunities for female empowerment
14
Q
Clovis
A
- the first king 481
- converted to Christianity in 496
15
Q
Charles Martel
A
- battle of tours 732
16
Q
Pippin the short
A
- dethroned the last Merovingian with approval of the pope
17
Q
Charlemagne
A
- pippin son who took the throne from 768-814
18
Q
Alfred the great
A
- king of Wessex from 871-899
- fought against the Viking raids
-established a navy - ruled (Wessex and Mercia)
19
Q
Lothar
A
- a Frankish emperor and holy Roman emperor who ruled from 843-855.
- grandson of Charlemagne
- son of Louis the pious
20
Q
Louis the pious
A
King/ emperor of the franks 814-840
- son of Charlemagne
21
Q
Muhammad
A
- born 569 or 570 in Mecca, Arabia
22
Q
William of Normandy
A
- the first Norman king of England
- reigned from 1066- death
23
Q
The Pantheon
A
One of the first temples created for common people to visit and worship
24
Q
Medieval era
A
- aka dark ages
- early Middle Ages (500-1000 CE)
- high Middle Ages (1000-1500 CE)
25
Rex socius
King who is an ally and friend
26
Trivium
Grammar, logic, and rhetoric
27
Feudalism
A system which people were given land and protection by people of higher rank, and worked and fought for them in return
28
Fief
A piece of land or other rights given to a vassal by a lord in exchange for services or payments
29
Buttress
To give support or stability to with a projecting structure of masonry or wood
30
Celts
Group of tribes that originated in Central Europe and shared a common language, culture, traditions, and religious beliefs
31
Caesaropapism
Obedience to the emperor is a Christian duty, not just a civic one
32
Hagia Sophia
- the church of holy wisdom
- Hagia= holy
33
The hajj
Pilgrimage to Mecca
34
Quadrivium
- arithmetic
- geometry
- music
- astronomy
35
Dane law
A part of England in the early tenth century
36
Vassal
- a holder of land
37
Basilica
Large public building for Catholics to worship in
38
Bishop
Ordained member of the clergy who is entrusted with a position of authority in a religious institution
39
Pagan
People who practice other religions other than Christianity , Judaism, or Islam
40
Primogeniture
A system of inheritance where the firstborn child receives the majority or all of the parents property
41
Koran
Islamic sacred book believed to be the word of god as dictated to Muhammad
42
Ramadan
The ninth month of the Islamic calendar used as a month of fasting prayer reflection and community
43
A keep
A fortified tower or enclosure that was a central part of a medieval castle
44
Porticullis
A heavy gate at the entrance of a castle to keep invaders out
45
Vikings
Group of seafarers from Scandinavia who had significant impact on western civilization
46
Visigoths
Germanic people who migrated into the Roman Empire
47
Burg
An ancient or medieval fortress or walled town
48
Sultans
Arabic word for authority or power
49
Gospel
The teaching or revelation of Christ
50
The five pillars of Islam
Shahada- the declaration of faith in one God
Salah- pray five times a day
Zakat- charity
Swam- fasting
Hajj- the pilgrimage to Mecca
51
Allah
Arabic word referring to God
52
Positional notation
Base number
53
Benefice
A reward given in exchange for service rendered
54
Romanesque
Structure of building in the Roman empire
55
Carolingians
Frankish noble family named after Charles Martel
56
Gothic architecture
- flying buttresses
- pointed arches
- ribbed vaults
- large stained glass windows
- gargoyles
57
Haplogroups
A group of people with similar genetic sequences that share a common ancestor
58
What were the achievements of Octavian?
Reforming the government, building infrastructure, creating public safety, expanding the empire, restoring peace and prosperity
59
Who were the five good emperors and what was good about them?
- Nerva
- Trajan
- Hadrian
- Antoninus
- Marcus Aurelius
- they brought a period of prosperity and stability to the Roman Empire
60
Why did Christianity spread rapidly in the Roman Empire?
- well developed Roman road system facilitating travel and communication
- the inclusive message of Christianity appealing to the lower classes
- the sense of community it offered
- the eventual official endorsement or the religion by Roman emperor
61
What was the importance of the survival of the Eastern Roman Byzantine empire
- it acted as a vital cultural and political bridge between Europe and Asia, preserving elements of Roman law and Greek learning
- serving as a military buffer against invaders from the East, allowing Europe time to recover from periods of turmoil
- it also played a key role in the development and spread of Eastern Orthodox Christianity
62
Why shouldn’t we call the medieval era the dark ages?
It is a misleading and inaccurate term, with negative connotations that portray the period as a time of complete intellectual and societal decline, when in reality there were significant developments in various fields despite challenges
63
Why were monasteries so important in Europe in the early Middle Ages?
They served as centers of learning, providing education and preserving knowledge. They also spread Christianity through spiritual guidance and community outreach
64
Why say the Middle Ages were dynamic?
Many changes happened including :
- economic expansion
- intellectual achievement
- national identity
- kingdoms became more organized
65
Why was Charlemagne named emperor of the Roman’s in 800 CE?
He was named emperor by Pope Leo III as a way to acknowledge his immense power, solidify his position as a protector of the church, and symbolically revive the Western Roman Empire.
66
What was the difference between the early Middle Ages and the high Middle Ages?
The early Middle Ages was a period of instability and decline following the fall of the western Roman Empire.
The high Middle Ages saw a resurgence in population, economic growth, urbanization, and cultural development across Europe
67
What do castles and cathedrals illustrate about life in the Middle Ages?
They illustrate the dominant social hierarchy, with castles representing the power and authority of nobility, while cathedrals symbolized the central role of the church in peoples lives
68
What was the importance of horses in the Middle Ages?
Transportation
Military
Currency
Social status
69
What new teachings did Muhammad bring to the Arabs?
- strict monotheism
- social justice
- ethical conduct
- the concept of an ununified community
70
What effects did Islam have in Arabia and beyond?
Significantly unified the previously fragmented tribes of Arabia, creating a powerful political force that rapidly expanded beyond the peninsula, leading to a major cultural and economic transformation across vast regions
71
How and where did towns and cities develop in the High Middle Ages?
They developed around trade routes, often near rivers, castles, or monasteries.
- increase agricultural productivity
- expansion of trade routes
- rise of merchant guilds
- feudal system
72
What kinds of roles did women play in medieval life?
Women primarily played roles as wives, mothers, and household managers. Responsible for raising children, cooking, cleaning, and overseeing the families domestic affairs
73
Is it ever appropriate to “pass negative judgments about the past”?
