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Western Civ > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Octavian (Caesar Augustus)

A
  • Julius Caesar’s great nephew
  • Caesar adopted Octavianus as his heir
  • steps forward and gets control to avenge the death of Caesar
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2
Q

Cleopatra

A
  • ruler of Ptolemaic dynasty
  • had a child w Julius Caesar named Caesarian
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3
Q

Justinian

A
  • Byzantine emperor from 527-565
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4
Q

Constantine

A
  • ## first emperor to be a Christian from 311-336
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5
Q

Cicero

A
  • Cicero’s orations
  • “not to know what happened before one was born is always to be a child”
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6
Q

Julius Caesar

A
  • dictator for 10 years
  • Roman general
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7
Q

Hadrian

A
  • Roman emperors from 117-138
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8
Q

Jesus

A
  • born about 4-7 BCE
  • during the reign of Augustus
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9
Q

St. Paul

A
  • widespread travels
  • foundation of Christian communities
    -1/2 of the New Testament is by or about him
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10
Q

St. Patrick

A
  • a Roman Briton
  • a person of Celtic ethnicity
  • a slave in Ireland that herded sheep
  • escaped and returned home to Ireland as a Christian missionary
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11
Q

Odovacar

A
  • a general in romes army
  • king of Ostrogoths
  • 476 CE
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12
Q

Herod the great

A
  • Rex socius = king of the Jews
    -died 4 BCE
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13
Q

Brigid of kildare

A
  • 451-505 CE
  • women were responsible for much of the preservation of ancient learning
  • religious foundations offered rare opportunities for female empowerment
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14
Q

Clovis

A
  • the first king 481
  • converted to Christianity in 496
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15
Q

Charles Martel

A
  • battle of tours 732
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16
Q

Pippin the short

A
  • dethroned the last Merovingian with approval of the pope
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17
Q

Charlemagne

A
  • pippin son who took the throne from 768-814
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18
Q

Alfred the great

A
  • king of Wessex from 871-899
  • fought against the Viking raids
    -established a navy
  • ruled (Wessex and Mercia)
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19
Q

Lothar

A
  • a Frankish emperor and holy Roman emperor who ruled from 843-855.
  • grandson of Charlemagne
  • son of Louis the pious
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20
Q

Louis the pious

A

King/ emperor of the franks 814-840
- son of Charlemagne

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21
Q

Muhammad

A
  • born 569 or 570 in Mecca, Arabia
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22
Q

William of Normandy

A
  • the first Norman king of England
  • reigned from 1066- death
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23
Q

The Pantheon

A

One of the first temples created for common people to visit and worship

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24
Q

Medieval era

A
  • aka dark ages
  • early Middle Ages (500-1000 CE)
  • high Middle Ages (1000-1500 CE)
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25
Q

Rex socius

A

King who is an ally and friend

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26
Q

Trivium

A

Grammar, logic, and rhetoric

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27
Q

Feudalism

A

A system which people were given land and protection by people of higher rank, and worked and fought for them in return

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28
Q

Fief

A

A piece of land or other rights given to a vassal by a lord in exchange for services or payments

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29
Q

Buttress

A

To give support or stability to with a projecting structure of masonry or wood

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30
Q

Celts

A

Group of tribes that originated in Central Europe and shared a common language, culture, traditions, and religious beliefs

31
Q

Caesaropapism

A

Obedience to the emperor is a Christian duty, not just a civic one

32
Q

Hagia Sophia

A
  • the church of holy wisdom
  • Hagia= holy
33
Q

The hajj

A

Pilgrimage to Mecca

34
Q

Quadrivium

A
  • arithmetic
  • geometry
  • music
  • astronomy
35
Q

Dane law

A

A part of England in the early tenth century

36
Q

Vassal

A
  • a holder of land
37
Q

Basilica

A

Large public building for Catholics to worship in

38
Q

Bishop

A

Ordained member of the clergy who is entrusted with a position of authority in a religious institution

39
Q

Pagan

A

People who practice other religions other than Christianity , Judaism, or Islam

40
Q

Primogeniture

A

A system of inheritance where the firstborn child receives the majority or all of the parents property

41
Q

Koran

A

Islamic sacred book believed to be the word of god as dictated to Muhammad

42
Q

Ramadan

A

The ninth month of the Islamic calendar used as a month of fasting prayer reflection and community

43
Q

A keep

A

A fortified tower or enclosure that was a central part of a medieval castle

44
Q

Porticullis

A

A heavy gate at the entrance of a castle to keep invaders out

45
Q

Vikings

A

Group of seafarers from Scandinavia who had significant impact on western civilization

46
Q

Visigoths

A

Germanic people who migrated into the Roman Empire

47
Q

Burg

A

An ancient or medieval fortress or walled town

48
Q

Sultans

A

Arabic word for authority or power

49
Q

Gospel

A

The teaching or revelation of Christ

50
Q

The five pillars of Islam

A

Shahada- the declaration of faith in one God
Salah- pray five times a day
Zakat- charity
Swam- fasting
Hajj- the pilgrimage to Mecca

51
Q

Allah

A

Arabic word referring to God

52
Q

Positional notation

A

Base number

53
Q

Benefice

A

A reward given in exchange for service rendered

54
Q

Romanesque

A

Structure of building in the Roman empire

55
Q

Carolingians

A

Frankish noble family named after Charles Martel

56
Q

Gothic architecture

A
  • flying buttresses
  • pointed arches
  • ribbed vaults
  • large stained glass windows
  • gargoyles
57
Q

Haplogroups

A

A group of people with similar genetic sequences that share a common ancestor

58
Q

What were the achievements of Octavian?

A

Reforming the government, building infrastructure, creating public safety, expanding the empire, restoring peace and prosperity

59
Q

Who were the five good emperors and what was good about them?

A
  • Nerva
  • Trajan
  • Hadrian
  • Antoninus
  • Marcus Aurelius
  • they brought a period of prosperity and stability to the Roman Empire
60
Q

Why did Christianity spread rapidly in the Roman Empire?

A
  • well developed Roman road system facilitating travel and communication
  • the inclusive message of Christianity appealing to the lower classes
  • the sense of community it offered
  • the eventual official endorsement or the religion by Roman emperor
61
Q

What was the importance of the survival of the Eastern Roman Byzantine empire

A
  • it acted as a vital cultural and political bridge between Europe and Asia, preserving elements of Roman law and Greek learning
  • serving as a military buffer against invaders from the East, allowing Europe time to recover from periods of turmoil
  • it also played a key role in the development and spread of Eastern Orthodox Christianity
62
Q

Why shouldn’t we call the medieval era the dark ages?

A

It is a misleading and inaccurate term, with negative connotations that portray the period as a time of complete intellectual and societal decline, when in reality there were significant developments in various fields despite challenges

63
Q

Why were monasteries so important in Europe in the early Middle Ages?

A

They served as centers of learning, providing education and preserving knowledge. They also spread Christianity through spiritual guidance and community outreach

64
Q

Why say the Middle Ages were dynamic?

A

Many changes happened including :
- economic expansion
- intellectual achievement
- national identity
- kingdoms became more organized

65
Q

Why was Charlemagne named emperor of the Roman’s in 800 CE?

A

He was named emperor by Pope Leo III as a way to acknowledge his immense power, solidify his position as a protector of the church, and symbolically revive the Western Roman Empire.

66
Q

What was the difference between the early Middle Ages and the high Middle Ages?

A

The early Middle Ages was a period of instability and decline following the fall of the western Roman Empire.

The high Middle Ages saw a resurgence in population, economic growth, urbanization, and cultural development across Europe

67
Q

What do castles and cathedrals illustrate about life in the Middle Ages?

A

They illustrate the dominant social hierarchy, with castles representing the power and authority of nobility, while cathedrals symbolized the central role of the church in peoples lives

68
Q

What was the importance of horses in the Middle Ages?

A

Transportation
Military
Currency
Social status

69
Q

What new teachings did Muhammad bring to the Arabs?

A
  • strict monotheism
  • social justice
  • ethical conduct
  • the concept of an ununified community
70
Q

What effects did Islam have in Arabia and beyond?

A

Significantly unified the previously fragmented tribes of Arabia, creating a powerful political force that rapidly expanded beyond the peninsula, leading to a major cultural and economic transformation across vast regions

71
Q

How and where did towns and cities develop in the High Middle Ages?

A

They developed around trade routes, often near rivers, castles, or monasteries.
- increase agricultural productivity
- expansion of trade routes
- rise of merchant guilds
- feudal system

72
Q

What kinds of roles did women play in medieval life?

A

Women primarily played roles as wives, mothers, and household managers. Responsible for raising children, cooking, cleaning, and overseeing the families domestic affairs

73
Q

Is it ever appropriate to “pass negative judgments about the past”?

A

Western Civ (3 decks)

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