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Music 101 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Baroque Era

A

1600-1750
Grandure, opulance, over the top
ex: st Peter’s church in Vienna
Patrons(rich people who commissioned artists to create pieces.

counter reformation- catholic pushback against reformation

absolute monarchy Kind made giant palace from taxes, big palace =propaganda about his power

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2
Q

What was the purpose of music in the baroque era

A

drama.
through the use of dynamics, tempo, media, and texture

contrast created drama (loud-soft, fast-slow, vocal-instrumental, solo-ensemble)

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3
Q

The genre of opera

A

sung play
begins in Italy which was the artsy modern place in the baroque era
orchestra made of strings and harpsichord

instrumentation, orchestration, basso continuo,
Singing styles in operas:
- recitatives
- arias

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4
Q

instrumentation

A

specific instruments chosen for a piece of music

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5
Q

orchestration

A

way a composer uses instruments in a piece of music

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6
Q

instruments of the baroque

A

string family:
-violin, viola, cello, bass (satb)

harmony instruments:
-lute-round guitar
- harpsichord/organ

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7
Q

Basso continuo

A

Baseline+harmony instrument used in every piece except solos

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8
Q

homophony

A

melody w/ accompaniment
Homophony is a musical texture where one main melody is supported by other parts that provide harmony. The other parts may play single notes or a more complex accompaniment. Homophony is characterized by:
Predominant melody: One part, usually the highest, tends to be the most prominent
Little rhythmic differentiation: There is little rhythmic differentiation between the parts
Chord structure: The melody is supported by a chord structure underneath
Same rhythm: The melody and harmony must use the same rhythm

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9
Q

beat

A

division of musical time into regular recurring units

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10
Q

meter

A

division of beat into regular recurring patterns (measures)

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11
Q

tempo

A

speed of the beat

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12
Q

Aria

A

song like
memorable
accompanied by orchestra
strong meter
soliloquy(an act of speaking one’s thoughts aloud when by oneself or regardless of any hearers)
expresses feelings

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13
Q

recitative

A

speech like
not memorable
free rhythms
accompanied by basso continuo
dialogue/action that advances the story

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14
Q

mode

A

major vs minor
every harmonic unit has a mode, the middle note of the unit determines the mode

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15
Q

Doctrine of Affections

A

Trying to convey an emotion as the goal of an opera

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16
Q

Dido and Aeneas

A

Purcell
“queen and prince”
based off of Virgil’s Aeneid
1689 written in English

shipwreck, fall in love, have a family, he leaves to continue his journey, she gets sad and kills herself

1st perfromed for a girl’s school in Chelsea

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17
Q

Subgenres of opera

A

overtures, recitatives, chorus, arias

18
Q

Dido and Aeneis ACT 3 Dido’s Lament

A

Aria
When I am laid in earth
sad/depression, resignation, orchestra+solo voice,
minor mode,
tripled meter,
binary form AABB

text painting: laid and wrongs have a sobbing rhythm, remember me is isolated and repeated emphasizinf urgency and seriousness

ground bass: repeating bass line
bass move chromatically down

19
Q

Vivaldi

A

Venice
he taught young female orphans how to play music, and assembled orchestras of them
called red priest

20
Q

4 Seasons Movement 1 Spring

A

Vivaldi
concerto
major mode
ritornello form
duple meter
fast/allegro tempo

program music-tells a story without words
birdsong imitated with violins, thunder and lightning, babbling brook

birds, storm, birds

21
Q

Concerto

A

work for an orchestra concerned with the following. contrasts:
-ensemble vs solo
-ritornellos vs episodes
-Slow vs fast tempo

22
Q

Basic Baroque Orchestra

A

Strings+basso continuo

23
Q

Program Music

A

instrumental musci that seeks to convey and extramusical idea. (text painting without the text, tells a story)

24
Q

Ritornello form

A

alternates between ritornello and episode

ritornello=melody played by basso continuo and orchestra

episode=other music, less melodic, more busy, played by soloist and basso continuo

25
Q

George Frideric Handel

A

1st composer where his works were beloved long after he died
born in Germany, patron sent him to Italy to study music
then he went to London to write for the royal family and stays there
organ virtuoso
traveler

Messiah

26
Q

Messiah (1741)

A

an oratorio

Charles Jennens: assembled the libretto (script for an opera or oratorio): he didn’t write it, he assembled it from the bible adding his own poetic license.

Handel composed the music to the libretto
24 days 254 pages of music quick but avg for this time period: he felt he was inspired by God

27
Q

oratorio

A

like an opera but more like a concert, sacred but performed in a theatre during lent not a church, more choruses than operas,

included recitatives, arias, and choruses

28
Q

Structure of Handel’s Messiah

A

3 parts:
-christmas
-easter
-final judgment

29
Q

Messiah “Rejoice Greatly”

A

subgenre: Soprano Aria
major mode
duple meter
allegro fast tempo
ABA ternary form
genre: oratorio
source of text= Zechariah 9: 9-10

Structure:
orchestra
A- major, medium tempo, melismas on “rejoice”
orchestra
B - contrast, minor, slower but still fast tempo, ritardando
orchestra
A- same as first A
orchestra

30
Q

Messiah “Hallelujah”

A

subgenre: chorus
glorifying christ’s victory over death and sin
major mode
duple meter
allegro tempo

Hallelujah - homophony: same rhythms with harmonies
For the lord god omnipotent reigneth - monophony
hallelujah polyphony

festive baroque orchestra (to symbolize the rejoicing)
added instruments: baroque trumpet, timpani(kettle drums)

sequence

31
Q

sequence

A

short melody is repeated at progressively higher or lower pitch levels

32
Q

Bach

A

born in and never left Germany
organ virtuoso
born same year as Handel
devout
Provided music for local churches and taught music at a local university
came from a musical family

33
Q

Cantata No.5 Wachet Aut:

A

Bach
“Sleepers awake!”
about 10 virgins
triple meter
major mode
AAB Bar form
Genre: Chorale Cantata

only need to know: 1st Movement Chorale Fantasia

34
Q

cantata

A

cousin to opera
several movements for choir, solists, and orchestra
has choruses, recitatives, and arias
sacred subject, but much shorter than an oratorio

35
Q

chorale

A

germna-lutheran hymn
many have Bar Form AAB

36
Q

Chorale FAntasia of Cantata 140 Wachet Aut

A

Bach
two main components: orchestral melody and chorale melody

orchestral melody
violins>oboe>violins> oboe, etc.
3 section melody:
1. march/procession=bridegroom’s arrival
2. stop and start rhythms=virgins’ excitement and impatience
3. fast notes=virgins’ run to meet him

chorale melody:
AAB text pattern
9 phrases that each end in a sustained note
orchestral ritornello between each phase
r1r2r3 REPEAT then r4r5r6r7r8r9r

always sung by supranos+ imitative polyphony follows by Alto Tenor and Base

37
Q

Orchestral Suite no. 3 Aire and Gigue

A

Bach
secular
suite =a set of dances, but BAch’s dances are stylized so they are meant to be listened not danced to.

38
Q

Aire by Bach

A

major mode, slow tempo, basic baroque orchestra, duple meter, binary form AABB, violin solo+walking bass-steady rhythm. violing plays long, emotional, melodic things that are meant to mimic a vocal role

39
Q

Gigue by Bach

A

festive baroque orchestra (pboes, trumpets, tympani, major mode, duple meter, quick tempo, AABB binary form
alternates between trumpets/drums(festive) and strings(not so festive) to create contrast

40
Q

“Little” Fugue in G minor

A

Bach
minor mode
duple meter
1 organ
solemn
fugue-imitative work based on a single subject (the melody keeps coming back)

Exposition: (SATB= registers on the organ)
S subject, other stuff»»»»»»»
A…………..subject, other stuff»»»>
T……………………….subject, other stuff>
B…………………………………..subject
subject statements and episodes to contrast

41
Q

Purcell

A

Dido and Aeneis
from England
worked for the crown
organ virtuoso

Music 101 (3 decks)

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