Exam 2

Question 1

Driving principles of prevention

Answer 1

• participation
• empowerment
• advocacy
• social media
  -cultural competency3

Question 2

4 modifiable health risk behaviors

Answer 2

• Iack of physical activity
• poor nutrition
• tobacco use
• excessive alcohol consumption

Question 3

Behavior change philosohpy

Answer 3

• Uses behavioral contracts, goal setting, self-monitoring, and
  rewards to encourage people to make healthy decisions
• Establish easily measurable objectives that can evaluate outcomes

Question 4

Cognitive-based philosophy

Answer 4

• Provides information (content and knowledge) to people so
  they can make their own healthy decisions

Question 5

Decision-making philosophy

Answer 5

• Uses simulations, case studies, or scenarios to identify
  alternative approaches and problem-solving and coping skills
• Help people analyze and deal with health issues and make best
  possible health choices for themselves
• Emphasis on critical thinking and lifelong learning

Question 6

Freeing/functioning philosophy

Answer 6

• Freeing people to make the best possible health choices for
  themselves based on needs and interests, not blaming people for
  failing to participate in health behaviors believed to be
  important by society but not accessible to some individuals

Question 7

Social change philosophy

Answer 7

• Emphasizes role of health education in creating political, social, or economic changes that benefit individual/societal health
• Forefront of adoption of policies or laws to enhance health of everyone

Question 8

Five Basic Principles for Common Moral
Ground

Answer 8

1. Value of life
2. Goodness or rightness
   (Nonmaleficence: Do no
   harm, Beneficence or
   Benevolence: Do good)
3. Justice or fairness
   (Procedural or Distributive)
4. Honesty or truthfulness
5. Autonomy (individual
   freedom)

Question 9

10 steps to ethical decisions

Answer 9

1. define the problem and identify the ethical issues and seek answers to relevant questions
2. identify who will be affected
3. contemplate the ultimate goals and ideals of a moral person
4. identify alternative courses of action
5. consider the probable consequences of each alternative
6. consider the nature of each alternative
7. reflect on yourself
8. reflect on your society and environment
9. apply the categorical imperative
10. choose and act on your choice

Question 10

Justifications of government intervention

Answer 10

1. Significant risk based on scientific evidence
2. Intervention has
   demonstrated effectiveness
3. Economic costs of intervention are reasonable
4. Human rights burdens are
   reasonable
5. Benefits, costs, and burdens are fairly distributed

Question 11

social determinants of health

Answer 11

• economic stability
• neighborhood and physical environment
• education
• food
• community and social context
• health care system