Exam 1

Question 1

Health definition

Answer 1

state of well-being not merely the absence of sickness

Question 2

domains of health

Answer 2

physical, social, spiritual, financial, environmental, intellectual, emotional

Question 3

factors the affect the health of a community

Answer 3

physical (geography, community size, industrial development, environment)
social and cultural (beliefs, traditions, prejudices, economy, politics, religion, social norms, socioeconomic status)

Question 4

life expectancy

Answer 4

the average number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age

Question 5

epidemiology

Answer 5

study of the distribution and determinants of health related states of events in specific populations and the application of this study to control health problems

Question 6

death rate/ mortality rate/ fatality rate

Answer 6

used to measure the seriousness of injury or disease; expressed per 100,000

Question 7

crude rate

Answer 7

expressed for a total population

Question 8

adjusted rate

Answer 8

expressed for a total population but adjusted for certain characteristics

Question 9

specific rate

Answer 9

rate for a particular population subgroup

Question 10

epidemic

Answer 10

unexpectedly large number of cases of an illness

Question 11

pandemic

Answer 11

outbreak over a wide geographical area

Question 12

endemic

Answer 12

occurs regularly in a population as a matter of course

Question 13

how is health measured

Answer 13

through epidemiologic data
often assessed in terms of mortality (death), morbidity (disease), and life expectancy

Question 14

prevalence

Answer 14

total number of cases of specified disease in given population at given time divided by population

Question 15

incidence

Answer 15

total number of new cases since given time divided by population at risk for specific disease

Question 16

other ways to measure health (5)

Answer 16

• years of potential life lost (YPLL)
• disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)
• health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE)
• quality of life (QOL)
• health-related quality of life (HRQOL)

Question 17

determinants of health (5)

Answer 17

• genetics (age, sex, individual characteristics)
• individual behavior (diet, exercise, alcohol use)
• social circumstances (education, socioeconomic status, crime, housing)
• environmental and physical influences (safe water, geographic location, crowding)
• health services (access to healthcare, insurance, cost)

Question 18

can health status be changed

Answer 18

yes

Question 19

primary prevention

Answer 19

prevention that forestalls the onset of illness or injury

Question 20

secondary prevention

Answer 20

leads to early diagnosis and prompt treatment of illness to limit the impact of it (screening)

Question 21

tertiary prevention

Answer 21

includes retraining, reeducation, and rehabilitation of an individual who has incurred disability or impairment (treatment)

Question 22

rose’s theorem

Answer 22

a large number of people exposed to a small risk may generate many more cases than a small number exposed to a large risk