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American Literary Cultures > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

who wrote the yellow wallpaper

A

charlotte perkins gilman

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2
Q

the industrial revolution, the separate spheres ideology, and the victorian era

A

biological determinism and victorian influences on womanhood
- men - public sphere, politics, economy, commerce, and law
- women - private sphere, domestic life, child-rearing, housekeeping, and religious education

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3
Q

what is the rest cure and who developed in

A

developed by dr. silas weir mitchell
idea that during victorian era that if a women could not find joy as a wife and mother they were being stimulated too much

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4
Q

medical misogyny

A

unfair medical treatment due to gender

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5
Q

what makes the yellow wallpaper a gothic masterpiece

A
  • old structures
  • foreboding spaces
  • elements of being trapped
  • people going mad
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6
Q

what is the smooch and what does it represent

A
  • the color of the paper is rubbing off onto things
  • reflects the many sides of women they aren’t allowed to explore
  • she identifies with the wallpaper
  • the paper is torn because she is doing, and it was her chewing on the bed
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7
Q

what does the switch in dialogue reflect a switch in control in the yellow wallpaper

A

symbolizes that she cant be controlled by men

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8
Q

what symbols were in the wallpaper

A

women in the wallpaper
- symbolizes gilman
jane
- jane is the main character experiencing a schizophrenic split
- she is in control she is separate from jane

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9
Q

kate chopin- local color writing and naturalism

A

local color writing
- expands to include sexuality, sexual desire, and repression
- french creole people of lousiana
Naturalism
- far less accontable for their actions than in a God-created universe, individuals in a naturalistic world have very little control over their destinies. Environment determines their destinies

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10
Q

who wrote the storm

A

Kate Chopin

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11
Q

what is the central metaphor of the storm

A

the storm
- sexual desire
- comes on suddenly has power to destroy or to give life, then goes away suddenly
when alsee came back outside everything was green again - naturalism
- affair gave them life, sexual desire is natural

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12
Q

who wrote a rose for emily

A

william faulkner

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13
Q

about faulkner

A

born and raised in oxford Mississippi

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14
Q

characteristics of the southern reniassance

A

1920s-1940s
- southern literature took on a different, more introspective tone and dialectical method

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15
Q

what is the name of faulkners fictional county

A

yoknapatawpha county, Mississippi - area 2400 square miles
- means split land

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16
Q

characteristics of southern gothic

A
  • unique to american literature
  • relies on supernatural, ironic or unusual events to guide the plot
  • uses these to explore social issues and reveal the cultural character of the american south
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17
Q

characterisitics of modernism

A
  • american literature mainly used between the world wars
  • fragmentation of reality
  • narration through fragmented or internalized dialogue, in addition to multiple perspectives
  • interior perception, as in stream of consciousness writing
  • non-literary
  • classical forms made new
  • zeitgeist
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18
Q

what does zeitgeist mean

A

the defining spirit or mood of a particular period of history as shown by the ideas and beliefs of the time

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19
Q

what narrates a rose for emily

A

the towns people
- a plural narrator (first person plural)
- what we know about emily is being shaped by gossip - social issue faulkner is addressing

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20
Q

what psychoanalytic issue is faulkner addressing in a rose for emily

A

the oedipus complex - any time there is a romantic relationship between a parent and a child
- her father forbade her from dating, no one is good enough to be added to their bloodline
- denies her fathers death and does not want them to take his body. after 3 days she finally broke down signifying the start of her mental break
- started to revert to a child like state

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21
Q

what is unique about homer in a rose for emily

A
  • he is a northerner and a day laborer; 2 things a greer woman would never be allowed to marry
  • townspeople are confused why she is with him
  • emily doesn’t see those traits, only sees similiarities he had with her father
  • the town sent for her next of kin because they dont agree with relationships outside of marriage
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22
Q

why does emily kill homer

A

the murder is the marriage. she doesn’t need his soul, just his body to represent her father

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23
Q

what clues are we given the emily may be mentally unstable

A
  • everything in reverse
  • using a dead body to keep her alive
  • trying to make the past her present
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24
Q

how does a rose for emily address the social problems of the south

A
  • greerson family was so committed to ways of the south that they prefer incest to keep the bloodline pure over allowing emily to marry outside the family
  • questioning the ideologies of the old south
  • called hair iron gray - indicates she spent all her days laying with homers body
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25
Q

leitmotif

A

a recurrent theme throughout a musical or literary composition, associated with a particular person, idea, or situation
white doesn’t like this among novels but you can see it throughout this novelh

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26
Q

historiographic metafiction

A

looks critically at the ways histories have been written, while openly calling attention to their status as constructed works of fiction
- crafts fictional narratives to defy americas historical narrative

27
Q

simulacrum and examples from the underground railroad

A

representation - often considered an unsatisfactory substitute
- cora in the museum - a slave acting out slavery

28
Q

magical realism

A

uses magical elements to make a point about reality
- the underground railroad is painted as a real railroad
- used in the novel to make a point

29
Q

medical apartheid and its presence in the underground railroad

A

discrimination by race
- novel works to explore the tuskegee syphilis experiment
- comments on how this would prevent african american women from having children
- “in death the black person became a human being” - dr. stevens does not believe he is racist because he openly admits that there is no difference in the races

30
Q

after reading douglass, why do we believe randall is still willing to let the slaves work off the plantation on sundays

A

the slaves will think they have some level of freedom
- manipulated picture and definition of freedom

31
Q

what did cora realize when she sheilded chester

A
  • she is braver than she thought
  • her madness is discovering what is actually logical is trying to escape rather than trying to stay and survive
  • this is when her perspective changes on whats logical
32
Q

connect the freedom trail to cora

A
  • trail is lined with bodies hanging from trees to show what will happen if you try to escape
  • no beginning or end to the trail
  • cora is on a journey to freedom, how many deaths are occurring on her journey to freedom
33
Q

what are some examples of how whitehead was influenced by douglass

A
  • cora learning to read, understanding her life is in danger
  • homer doesn’t leave even though he is free based on the stereotype that black people can’t have a good life
  • allowing slaves to have parties on sundays
  • when slaves are too smart they start joining abolitionist movements
  • ridgeway always calling slaves it
34
Q

what is the relationship between homer and ridgeway and why

A
  • ridgeway buys homer because he is a kindred spirit; buys him just to give him emancipation papers
  • homer wont leave ridgeway, says he knows it is because there is nothing good in the world for him
  • irony: ridgeway is a slave catcher and homer stays with him because he fears slave catchers
35
Q

how does homer represent historiographic fiction

A
  • he thinks he is recording the truths but in reality he is only recording his truth
  • blurring the line between automatic fact and fiction
36
Q

connection of ridgeways reasoning for homer no leaving him to the passing of grandison

A
  • homer is also playing into a stereotype in order to gather all the information he can - same stereotype played into in the passing of grandison
  • while telling stories cora can begin seriously considering her plan for escape - how to work the system btwn slave and slave catcher
37
Q

connect what whitehead says about native american experience to the slave experience

A
  • native americans leave their land because they are told to - similiar to how the slave trade began by kidnapping people in africa
  • from the white man’s perspective: if they haven’t been able to do anything about it by now then they deserved it
38
Q

discuss ridgeways statement, “and if not subjugate, exterminate. Our destiny by divine prescription - the american imperitive”

A
  • represents the underlying spirit over the entire novel
  • their job in life, as a member of the greater race, is to dominate or exterminate the lesser race
  • manifest destiny has always had positive connotation in american history - reveals what is actually meant to some people throughout american history
39
Q

compare cora to doulgass

A
  • ridgeway says the duty of having slaves is like the duty of fattening hogs
  • ridgeway tells cora she is too clever for her own good
40
Q

why does cora believe that “poetry and prayer put ideas in people’s heads that get them killed”

A
  • gives them hope
  • distracts them from the ruthless mechanisms of the world; they are in a horrible system
  • “waiting for God to rescue you when in reality it’s up to you”
  • function of royal and his gang: catchers or slave catchers - similar to ruggles in douglass telling people they’re fear after 9 months
41
Q

how does whitehead use each state to address different issues of slavery

A
  • each state has an emphasis on people seeking purpose - prominent theme in novel
  • each time they enter a new state, a posting of a run away slave in the fugitive slave law is included
42
Q

issues addressed in georgia

A
  • plantation life
  • slave abuse - “hob” section of plantation
  • sundays off
  • fabricated birthdays
  • hiding books
  • slaves made to ‘perform’ for slave holders
  • public displays of torture as warnings
  • here cora’s sense of purpose is her little plot of land
  • deals with issues we already know about slavery
43
Q

issues explored in south carolina

A
  • first place stopped on underground railroad
  • addresses issues more explicitly
  • used for medical experiments
  • controlled under the guise of “help”
  • objectification of race
  • forced to persom the salve experience for others to view
  • segregation
  • being told what is best for them
44
Q

ways scarring is revealed

A
  • physical scarring from protecting chester
  • emotional scarring with intimacy
  • shackles around her hands and feet add emotional and physical scarring
  • medical apartheid- lasting scarring on lack of trust in the medical system
  • coras sesne of purpose rooted in regaining her freedom
45
Q

why did whitehead chose to end with mabels story

A
  • cora is angry she was not abandoned
  • she wanted to go back and get cora but then she was bit by a snake
  • when we don’t know our history we fill it with our narratives that could be helpful or damaging
  • mabel never made it past the swamp
46
Q

about hemingway

A

awarded a silver medal for his bravery and sacrifice to the country in world war
- dies via suicide after long depression from all his friends dying

47
Q

what influenced Hemingways writing style

A
  • war and journalism
48
Q

iceberg principle

A
  • what hemingway is most well known for
  • a good author knows everything about a story and choses to leave out 7/8 - the reader must work for it and fill in the gaos
49
Q

similarities between faulkner and hemingway

A
  • both modernists
  • both use interior perception
  • take old forms and make them new
  • both alcoholics
50
Q

differences between faulkner and hemingway

A

hemingway restricts characters, faulkners characters like to yap

51
Q

hemingways themes

A
  • ones worth is found in what is left unsaid - iceberg principle
  • metaphysical - beyond what is perceptible to the senses - what we know but can’t articulate
  • post war alienation
52
Q

details about the old man in a clean well lighted place

A
  • he’s deaf
  • tried to hang himself
  • taken care of by his neice
  • alcoholic
  • he has mone
53
Q

who wrote a clean well lighted place

A

hemingway

54
Q

what is the meaning of clean well lighted place and why does hemingway consider it one of his best stories

A

no conflict or resolution but if you let it move you there’s a deep meaning on how we live our lives- we have to make our own meaning

55
Q

about hughes

A
  • raised to be proud of his race
  • attended colombia but faced lots of discrimination
  • developed jazz poetry
  • inspired by walt whitman
  • considered literary spokesperson for his race
56
Q

about the harlem reniassance

A
  • 1920s-1937
  • cultural revolution
  • an expansion of african american culture through the arts
  • inspired by great migration
  • used arts to gain civil and political rights
57
Q

who wrote thank you ma’am

A

langston hughes

58
Q

what were the themes hughes used

A
  • illuminate the condition of people of color in america
  • common people in conflict with one another and their circumstances
  • ordinary african americans
59
Q

how does thank you ma’am reflect hughes themes

A

people are good, stick-together, solidarity, and proud of what they’ve achieved
more concerned with relationships than material items that people can see

60
Q

who wrote in and what is transcendentalism

A
  • emerson
  • essential connection between nature, God, and man. They are one
  • emphazied the individuals importance as part of God
61
Q

who wrote with and what is pantheism

A

emerson
- God exists in every part of creation - it’s the divine spark in each of us
- through following ourselves we are releasing a divine will

62
Q

what were emersons contributions

A
  • champion of individualism
  • writings influenced by his father, who died when he was 7
  • ordained pastor which significantly influenced his writing
  • founder of transcendentalism
  • inspired by romanticism: separated from it in a very specific way - God is in everything, even the ordinary
  • incredibly influential to walt whitman
63
Q

what is meant by refugia faith

A

refugia: little pockets of safety
- gives us hope we can be broken and renewed
- life wants to persist

American Literary Cultures (3 decks)

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