Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FIVS 215 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Crystal Systems

A

Isotropic (Cubic)
Uniaxial Anisotropic (Tetragonal, Hexagonal, Rhombohedral)
Biaxial Anisotropic (Orthorhombic, Monoclinic, Triclinic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Uniaxial Anisotropic

A

Contains two indices with an optic sign that is either positive or negative; Tetragonal, Hexagonal, Rhombohedral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Crystal Morphology

A

When crystals are grown they develop “face” characteristics which are related to the structure. These face structures will always remains CONSTANT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Equant

A

Equally developed crystal form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Columnar/ acicular

A

long developed crystal form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tabular

A

flat developed crystal form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Biaxial Anisotropic

A

Has 3 indices with an optic sign that is either positive or negative
(Orthorhombic, Monoclinic, Triclinic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pleochroism

A

material demonstrates a change in hue or intensity of the hue when its orientation changes under the polarized light (when you spin it on the stage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Retardation

A

Birefringence x thickness x 1000; when light moved through crystals at different rates due to their RIs, which causes one be slowed down at a different rate than the other.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Birefringence

A

The optical property of a material having a refractive index that depends on the polarization and propagation direction of light; basically they demonstrate intereference/polarization colors (the equation is retardation / (1000 x thickness) (rhomb)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Isotropism

A

Light vibrates the same way when light is vibrated in a different direction (does not show up under polarized light)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anisotropism

A

different properties show when moving an object and when light is placed (you’ll see it under polarized light)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Orthoscopic

A

usual manner of viewing things through a microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Conoscopic

A

When viewing with a cone of light; specialized way of looking like through a removed eye piece into the back focal or through the betrand lense.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Double Refraction

A

Erasmus Bartholinus when he reported that when he looked through a Calcite Rhomb, the singular dot he put on the paper turned into two.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Calcite Rhomb (Icelandic Spar)

A

When looking at a dot through it, two appear. One moves around and the other looks as though it is on a different plane. When using a polaroid, one disappears, and when two are moved together the film turns entirely dark when positioned a certain way,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Starch Grains ID

A

The presence of the Roman Cross.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Parallel Extinction

A

goes extinct in the N-S and E-W direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Oblique Extinction

A

Any other angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Symmetrical Extinction

A

45 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Uniaxial Indicatrix figure:

A

Indicatrix for a uniaxial substance is an ellipsoid of revolution; it is “elongated” or “prolate” when the optic sign is positive and “flatten” or “oblate” when it is negative.

Contains the principal section (contains optic axis), circular section is perpendicular to the principal axis and a random section which cuts through when the principal and circular intersect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Isotropic Indicatrix:

A

The indicatrix is a three‐dimensional plot of RI versus vibrational direction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Biaxial Indicatrix Figure

A

Triaxial Ellipsoids; with 3 axes, x, y, zero (gamma, beta, alpha)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Uniaxial interference figure

A

cross with yellow and blue quadrants, cross doesn’t disappear when moved. yellow is subtractive while blue is additive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Biaxial Interference figure

A

parabolas that move when the stage moves.
(gamma - beta) > (beta - alpha) ; blue on outside, yellow inside, then optic sign is positive

(gamma - beta) < (beta - alpha); yellow on outside, blue on inside, then optic sign is negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

“ω” or “o” ray (omega); “E” or “e” ray (epsilon)

A

the two principal refractive indices that exist in uniaxial indicatrix.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

“a”-alpha, “B”-beta, and “γ “-gamma rays

A

three semi unequal axises of the ellipsoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Optic Sign

A

e - w = optic sign
(blue in 1 and 3 is positive ( E > w) while yellow in 1 and 3 is negative) (E < w)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Trace of the Optic Axial Plane (OAP)

A

The plane containing the optic axises along with gamma and alpha.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Optic Normal (OP)

A

optic normal is vertical and the optic plane is horizontal and is seen when viewing down Y, which is the normal of the two axises (perpendicular to the optic plane)

31
Q

Sign of Elongation

A

when the crystal length is also the high index direction, SoE is positive
if the length is low index, low index = negative SoE

32
Q

Optic Angle

A

(2V, 2H, 2E); axial angles
2V (true optical axis of the crystal)
2H (optical axis angle in the oil)
2E (optical axis angle in the air)
(2E is always larger than 2V.)

33
Q

Tobi’s Method

A

(d/D); relationship between angular aperture (2E, 2H, 2V) and the linear diameters of the back focal plane of the objective.

34
Q

Spindle Stage or Goniometer

A

Rotation Device with a needle/thin object on the stage that holds a crystal in place.

35
Q

EXCALIBR

A

Uploads the points of extinction seen from a rotating crystal on the stage which later can be used for reference when identifying other materials.

36
Q

Monochromatic Interference Filter

A

Filters based on exploiting optical interference effects. Has a mirrored surface that makes destructive interference, eliminating everything except the wavelength of interest

37
Q

Phase Contrast Microscopy (PCM)

A

A contrast technique in which the phase position of the non-diffracted light is shifted in relation to the diffracted wave fronts, thereby improving the constructive and destructive interference conditions (normally used for glass chips and semen)

38
Q

(“Hoffman”) Modulation Contrast

A

consists of a Modulator, Objective, condenser, and a Slit (Slit allows light to come in at oblique angle so one side of image is bright and the other is dark) Allows to make a 3D looking image of the specimen.

39
Q

Bright Field Microscopy

A

produces an image made from light that is transmitted through a specimen against a light background

40
Q

Dark Field Microscopy

A

shows the specimen against a dark background and provides good resolution

41
Q

Dispersion Staining (D.S.)

A

Differences between RIs dispersions of a particle and the liquid medium in which it is immersed in. The contrast technique that utilizes a central stop and an annual stop to produce colored particle boundaries, which can be used to help identify the sample

42
Q

Central-Stop D.S. & Annular Stop D.S.

A

Annular demonstrates colors consisting of a wavelength that is that of the wavelengh matched with the RI of both the particle and the medium. (where the two RIs match, that wavelength is what will be colored); central stop is just the color complementary to the annular stop.

43
Q

Differential Interference Contrast (DIC)

A

Used when a specimin has little to no constrast when viewed under brightfield microscopy. Can be used to generate an image that looks almost 3D. Not good to use with bifringent figures.

44
Q

Wayne Williams Case

A

tried for the murder of two individuals in Atlanta, Georgia. An essential part of the government’s case was the numerous fibers linking Williams to the murders yellow-green fibers discovered on a number of the murder. Victims were linked to a carpet in the Williams home which helped proved his guilt

45
Q

Vegetable Fibers

A

(Seed Hairs-Cotton, Kapok)
unicellular and used as individual fibers rather than bundles. Also includes Basal fibers i think
All do complete parallel extinction except cotton

46
Q

Animal Fibers

A

Wool, Silk, Domestic Dog/Cat, Fur Animals; all complete extinction except for silk

47
Q

Mineral Fibers

A

Asbestos

48
Q

Bast Fibers

A

Jute, Ramie, Sisal, Hemp, all complete extinction except sistal is a little bit iffy.

49
Q

Marijuana ID by Leaf Fibers

A

Cystolith Hairs, Conical Trichomes, Glandular Hairs

50
Q

Cotton Characteristics

A

Incomplete Extinction
Spiral Structure
Lumen
Undulation
Amber Retardation Color

51
Q

S” or “Z” twist of Natural Fibers

A

S towards the right, Z towards the left

52
Q

Modified Herzog Test

A

distinguish between bast fibers and other plant fibers. Determine the fibular orientation of bast fibers then white light from the polarizer enters the birefringent sample.
S twist = blue = positive
Z twist = yellow = negative

53
Q

Synthetic Fibers

A

Nylons
polyesters
polyolefins (polyethylenes and polypropylene) acrylics
Saran
vinyon
elastic
glass
metallic

54
Q

Regenerated Fibers

A

(Rayon, Acetates) Monomers (Glucose)

55
Q

Polymers “Poly-glucose”

A

(Cellulose, Rayon)

56
Q

Delustering Agents

A

reduces the sheen of synthetic fibers

57
Q

Complete Extinction

A

Synthetic fibers have complete extinction

58
Q

Low Birefringence:

A

(Acrylics, Acetates)

59
Q

Moderate Birefringence

A

(Olefins, Nylon)

60
Q

High Birefringence

A

(Polyester)

61
Q

Cross-Striations

A

(Bast Fibers-Dislocated Fibrils) stripe pattern you can see, founds on bast fibers

62
Q

Weaves

A

made out of warp and weft/fill

63
Q

Knits

A

human and machine made

64
Q

Felts

A

non-woven fabrics

65
Q

Warp

A

Stronger, placed in loom first. They need to be able to take the abrasion of inserting the weft yarns across them

66
Q

Weft

A

Runs horizontally through fabric and fills in the fabric gaps.

67
Q

Plain Weave

A

Weft is carried over odd number warps and under the even number warps

68
Q

Twill Weave

A

Diagonal pattern on the fabric surface

69
Q

Satin Weave

A

wefts skip over warps and repeats on a different set of warps

70
Q

Cordage Terminology

A

Fibers -> Yarn -> Strands -> Plies

71
Q

Silk

A

Bombyx Mori (Looks Synthetic)

72
Q

Fiber Shapes

A

X-Section vs Longitudinal; Cylindrical, Trilobal, Dogbone or Dumbbell, Multi Serrated

73
Q

Optic Sign of Elongation

A

(Most fibers are positive except for some Acrylics and some Acetates)

FIVS 215 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions