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Dairy Production > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Goal of feeding behavior

A

Maximize DMI by encouraging more meals and avoiding fewer large meals

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2
Q

Factors affecting number and size of meals

A

Heat stress, excessive competition, infrequent push ins

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3
Q

Slug feeding

A

eating fewer large meals reduces rumen health and feed effieceny

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4
Q

SARA

A

Sub acute ruminal acidosis- associated with depressed milk fat 2%- high lactic acids

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5
Q

Ruminants have higher levels of

A

Circulating VFA’s- low levels of glucose

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6
Q

What drives a cow to eat

A

milking, consistent delivery of fresh feed

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7
Q

Lunge- bob

A

How a cow gets up

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8
Q

Goal of cow comfort

A

Create an environment that allows the cow to carry out natural behavoirs, with considoration of management restraints

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9
Q

Why is cow comfort important

A

impacts milk yield, percpetinon of ag, welfare

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10
Q

Factors that affect behavoir and time budget

A

Stall design, stocking density, human interactions, temperature

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11
Q

Hours for milking and management

A

2.5-3.5

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12
Q

Hours per day needed for natural behavoirs

A

20.5-21.5

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13
Q

Will cows sacrifice feeding or resting time

A

Feeding time if resting time is not adequate

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14
Q

What happens when cows are overstocked

A

They will wait for a place to lie down rather than eat

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15
Q

what is resting and rumination associated with

A

Greater DMI and milk yield

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16
Q

Cow behavior goal

A

Maximize DMI by encouraging more meals and avoiding fewer larger meals

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17
Q

How do you optomize feeding behavoir

A

consistent fresh feed, milking, avoid competition

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18
Q

Behavoir differneces in heifers

A

Less dominant, take smaller bites, have to adapt to new enviornment

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19
Q

1 hour less lying time equates to what

A

milk lost

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20
Q

Effects of a more comfortable stall

A

More milk, less lameness, higher milk quality

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21
Q

Perching

A

cow standing with two feet in the stall and two feet in the alley

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22
Q

Goal of pen design

A

Limit the amount of defensible resources (water, stalls)

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23
Q

Goal for transition cow behavoir

A

Minimize stocking denisty and number of pen moves to reduce social turmoil and stress related metabolic disorders

24
Q

What can human interaction do

A

Can influence stress and prevent milk let down

25
Q

What defines the transition period

A

30 days dry + 70 days lactation= 90 days

26
Q

Spain 100 day contract

A

30 days dry + 70 days lactatoin= 100 days

27
Q

bedded pack barn benefits

A

improved feet and legs, less odor fewer flies, omproved cow comfort

28
Q

subordinate and primiparous cows are most sesceptible to

A

conditions that cause departure from natural behavior

29
Q

Transition cow

A

periparturient cow, transitioning between physiological states

30
Q

Metabolic shift

A

Transitions from accretion to mobilizing nutrients

31
Q

GOals of transition cow management

A

Optimize milk production, manage body condition

32
Q

NEFA

A

The cow is mobilizing her energy stores- shes in negative energy balance

33
Q

Beta hydroxy buterate

A

Ketone- indicates cow is struggling to meet the high energy demands

34
Q

persistency

A

Rate of decline post-peak

35
Q

Lacation number relative to milk yield

A

1=80-85%
2=95%
3+= 100%

36
Q

Peak lactation

A

45-90 days in milk

37
Q

What to transtition cow problems and metabolic disorders stem from

A

lactation demands

38
Q

Transition cow metabolic disorders

A

Milk fever, ketosis, displaced abomasum

39
Q

Mobilization of reserves

A

Happens when cow is in a negative nutrient balance

40
Q

Mobilization for hormonal regulation

A

Stores nutrients if positive (anabolism) and mobilizes if negative (catabolism)

41
Q

Where are nutrient reserves?

A

Muscle (AA), adipose tissue (fat) bone (calcium)

42
Q

Lipid protein lipase

A

Liberates the fatty acids

43
Q

Why do some cows accumulate a lot of fat in the liver

A

The lipids from adipose tissue end up in the liver- takes a long time to repackage and send out

44
Q

What causes the drop of DMI

A

Hormones related to stress

45
Q

what causes the drop in calcium

A

Lactation- milk uses a lot of calcium

46
Q

Vitamin D

A

Is released during partruition- acts on gut and bone

47
Q

Phosphorus

A

Drops due to stress hormones more than milk demand

48
Q

Magnesium

A

Raises- is overcorrected in response to calcium

49
Q

Mastitis and metritis

A

infectious diseases

50
Q

What happens to the immune system a week around partruition

A

Immune function is impaired

51
Q

Neutrophil (PMN)

A

Multilobe nucleus- phagocytic, create higher count in mastitis

52
Q

Macrophage

A

Engulf foreign objects- big eater, surveillence

53
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Make antibodies

54
Q

Primary cause of ketosis

A

Hypoglycemia - not enough glucose

55
Q

What predisposes to a displaced abomasum

A

Birth of the calf, reduced feed intake, low muscle tone

Dairy Production (3 decks)

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