exam 2

Question 1

cells of epidermis

Answer 1

keratinocytes
stem cells
melanocytes
tactile cells
dendritic cells

Question 2

keratinocytes

Answer 2

synthesize keratin and are great majority of cells

Question 3

stem cells

Answer 3

undifferentiated cells that divide and give rise to keratinocytes
found in stratum basale

Question 4

melanocytes

Answer 4

occur in stratum basale and synthesize melanin

Question 5

tactile cells

Answer 5

receptors for touch; also found in basal layer and associated with underlying dermal nerve tissue

Question 6

dendritic cells

Answer 6

found in stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum; immune cells that originate in the bone marrow; stand guard against toxins, microbes, and other pathogens

Question 7

stratum basale

Answer 7

consists of single layer of cuboidal or low columnar keratinocytes resting on basement membrane

there are melanocytes, tactile cells, and stem cells

Question 8

stratum spinosum

Answer 8

several layers of keratinocytes; division ceased in this layer and cells flatten

Question 9

stratum granulosum

Answer 9

three to five layers of flat keratinocytes

contain coarse, dark-staining keratohyalin granules

Question 10

stratum lucidum

Answer 10

thin zone superficial to stratum granulosum only found in thick skin; pale featureless appearance

Question 11

stratum corneum

Answer 11

dead scaly keratinized cells that form durable surface layer; resistant to abrasion, penetration, and water loss

Question 12

serous glands

Answer 12

produce relatively thin water fluid as perspiration, milk, and digestive juices

Question 13

mucous glands

Answer 13

found in oral and nasal cavities and secrete a glycoprotein called mucin

Question 14

mixed glands

Answer 14

contain both serous and mucous cells

Question 15

types of exocrine glands

Answer 15

eccrine
apocrine
holocrine

Question 16

eccrine/merocrine glands

Answer 16

release products by exocitosis; include tear glands, salivary glands, pancreas etc

Question 17

apocrine secretion

Answer 17

secretion of milk fat

Question 18

holocrine gland

Answer 18

accumulate a product and then the entire cell disentegrates

Question 19

osteogenic cells

Answer 19

stem cells that develop from embryonic mesenchyme and give rise to most other bone cell types

occur in endosteum and periosteum

Question 20

osteoblasts

Answer 20

cells that synthesize organic matter of the bone and the promote its mineralization; bone-building is called osteogenesis

form rows in the endosteun and inner layer of the periosteum; resemble cuboidal epithelium on bone surface

Question 21

osteocytes

Answer 21

former osteoblasts that have become embedded in the matrix they deposited

reside in cavities called lacunae, which are interconnected by channels called cabaliculi

Question 22

osteoclasts

Answer 22

bone-dissolving cells on the bone surfaces; action is osteolysis

develop from same bone marrow stem cells as blood cells

several stem cells fuse to form an osteoclast