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Anatomy 202 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Where does erythropoiesis occur?

A

In red bone marrow

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2
Q

Is hypoxemia negative feedback or positive?

A

Negative

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3
Q

Leukocytes: white blood cells

A

Defense against disease
Less than 1% total blood volume
Contains nucleus and organelles

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4
Q

Leukocyte: white blood cells
What are the 2 categories?

A

Granulocyte’S & agranulocytes

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5
Q

Granulocyte’S are found in…
Identified:

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

Granule-contaning WBC
Lobed nuclei
Granule stain W/Wright’S stain

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6
Q

Agranulocytes are found in:

Identification

A

Lymphocytes
Monocytes

Lack of visible cytoplasmic granules
Spherical, oval, kidney shaped nuclei

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7
Q

Neutrophils

A

Multilobed nucleus
Fine granules
Cytoplasm pink
Partial to bacteria + fungi

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8
Q

Eosinophils

A

Blue - red-purple nucleus
Course, lysome-rich brick-red cytoplasmic granules

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9
Q

Platelets

A

Not actually cells
Made from fragments of megakaryocytes
Park staining, irregular shaped

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10
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

To few platelets
Bleed excessively…

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11
Q

Thrombocytosis

A

To many platelets
Blood clots could occur t cause embolisms, stroke, and cardiac infarctions

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12
Q

3 steps of homeostasis

A

Vascular spasm - platelet plug formation - coagulation

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13
Q

Vascular spasm

A

D amazed endothelial cell release endothelia, which causes contraction of smooth muscle of tunic media = was constriction of damaged vessel to decrease blood flow/loss

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14
Q

Coagulation = blood clot formation

A

Blood clot = mesh work of fibrin trapped in blood cells & platelets

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15
Q

Fibrinolysis = breakdown of blood dot

A

Inactive protein plasminogen converted to active plasmin
Plasmin breaks down fibrin of clot

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16
Q

Antibodies

A

“Recognizers”
Present in plasma and detects antigens on RBC that are different tren patients

17
Q

Antigens

A

Substance that the body recognizes as foreign.
Normally exogenous substances, RBC have them on cell membrane
Over 30 common RBC antigens in humans: most important ABO & Rh

18
Q

Antigens

A

Substance that the body recognizes as foreign.
Normally exogenous substances, RBC have them on cell membrane
Over 30 common RBC antigens in humans: most important ABO & Rh

19
Q

Quality’s of the heart

A

Nestled in mediastinum; flanked lungs
Size of clenched fist
Weighs less than 1 pound

20
Q

Pericardium

A
  1. Fibrous pericardium
    - protects heart
    - anchors heart to diaphragm & sternum
  2. Serous pericardium
    - parietal layer ( attaches to large arteries )
    - visceral layer (aka epicardium )
21
Q

What are the layers of the heart

A

Simple squamous ET, myocardium, epicardium, pericardial cavity, parietal layer of serous pericardium, fibrous pericardium

22
Q

What is myocardium

A

Cardiac majorettes + filled with collagen fibers and has blood vessels and nerve fibers

23
Q

What is myocardium

A

Cardiac majorettes + filled with collagen fibers and has blood vessels and nerve fibers

24
Q

Heart chamber right atrium:

A

Deoxgematel blood from body via superior cava & inferior vena cava

25
Q

Heart chamber left atrium:

A

Recipe oxygenated blood from lungs

26
Q

Heart chamber left ventricle:

A

Pump blood to body (pumping chambers)

27
Q

Heart chambers right ventricle

A

Pump blood to lungs

28
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

Blood from heart to lungs and back to heart

29
Q

Systemic circuit

A

From heart to body to and back to heart

30
Q

Atrioventricular values

A

Open/ close due to pressure changes
Papillary muscles connect to AV values by chord tendinae - prevent value prolapse

31
Q

Semilunar values

A

One way semilunar values
Shaped like half moons

32
Q

How do semilunar values open

A

As ventricles contract and intraventurcular pressure rises, blood is pushed against semilunar valves forcing them to open

33
Q

Semilunar values close

A

As ventricles relax and intraventricular pressure falls blood flows back from arteries, filling the cusps of semilunar values and forcing them to close

34
Q

Cardiac cycle:

A

Events of one complete heartbeat, during which both atria and ventricles contracts and relax

35
Q

What do skeletal muscle pumps do?

A

Muscle contractions squeezes Vern and causes increased pressure which opens value above it and moves blood back towards heart increasing VR

36
Q

Sympathetic here stimulation

A
  • Sns activity causes vent constriction
  • propels blood in veins back toward heart,
    Increasing VR
37
Q

TPR

A

Resistance imposed on ventricle after contraction has begun and before ejection of blood.

Anatomy 202 (2 decks)

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