Exam 2 Flashcards
Where does erythropoiesis occur?
In red bone marrow
Is hypoxemia negative feedback or positive?
Negative
Leukocytes: white blood cells
Defense against disease
Less than 1% total blood volume
Contains nucleus and organelles
Leukocyte: white blood cells
What are the 2 categories?
Granulocyte’S & agranulocytes
Granulocyte’S are found in…
Identified:
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Granule-contaning WBC
Lobed nuclei
Granule stain W/Wright’S stain
Agranulocytes are found in:
Identification
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Lack of visible cytoplasmic granules
Spherical, oval, kidney shaped nuclei
Neutrophils
Multilobed nucleus
Fine granules
Cytoplasm pink
Partial to bacteria + fungi
Eosinophils
Blue - red-purple nucleus
Course, lysome-rich brick-red cytoplasmic granules
Platelets
Not actually cells
Made from fragments of megakaryocytes
Park staining, irregular shaped
Thrombocytopenia
To few platelets
Bleed excessively…
Thrombocytosis
To many platelets
Blood clots could occur t cause embolisms, stroke, and cardiac infarctions
3 steps of homeostasis
Vascular spasm - platelet plug formation - coagulation
Vascular spasm
D amazed endothelial cell release endothelia, which causes contraction of smooth muscle of tunic media = was constriction of damaged vessel to decrease blood flow/loss
Coagulation = blood clot formation
Blood clot = mesh work of fibrin trapped in blood cells & platelets
Fibrinolysis = breakdown of blood dot
Inactive protein plasminogen converted to active plasmin
Plasmin breaks down fibrin of clot
Antibodies
“Recognizers”
Present in plasma and detects antigens on RBC that are different tren patients
Antigens
Substance that the body recognizes as foreign.
Normally exogenous substances, RBC have them on cell membrane
Over 30 common RBC antigens in humans: most important ABO & Rh
Antigens
Substance that the body recognizes as foreign.
Normally exogenous substances, RBC have them on cell membrane
Over 30 common RBC antigens in humans: most important ABO & Rh
Quality’s of the heart
Nestled in mediastinum; flanked lungs
Size of clenched fist
Weighs less than 1 pound
Pericardium
- Fibrous pericardium
- protects heart
- anchors heart to diaphragm & sternum - Serous pericardium
- parietal layer ( attaches to large arteries )
- visceral layer (aka epicardium )
What are the layers of the heart
Simple squamous ET, myocardium, epicardium, pericardial cavity, parietal layer of serous pericardium, fibrous pericardium
What is myocardium
Cardiac majorettes + filled with collagen fibers and has blood vessels and nerve fibers
What is myocardium
Cardiac majorettes + filled with collagen fibers and has blood vessels and nerve fibers
Heart chamber right atrium:
Deoxgematel blood from body via superior cava & inferior vena cava
