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Intro to Sports Nutrition > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a calorie?

A

The unit of energy used in biological systems

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2
Q

During what form, of exercise might the PCr system be highest?

A

a 100m sprint

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3
Q

Anaerobic glycolysis is

A

moderately fast

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4
Q

Anaerobic systems _______ require oxygen and take place in the _______.

A

do not, cytosol

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5
Q

What is a major sign of fatigue

A

Low ATP + High ADP

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6
Q

Energy in food transfers directly into cells for biological work. True or False?

A

False

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7
Q

As exercise intensity increases blood lactate concentration __________.

A

Increases

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8
Q

A dietary supplement of creatine is usually between ________.

A

3-5 g/day

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9
Q

Fatigue occurs due to ______ in the creatine phosphate system.

A

CrP depletion

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10
Q

Where is creatine phosphate stored?

A

in muscles

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11
Q

What is not a major source of creatine?

A

Vegetables

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12
Q

Fatigue occurs due to _______ in anaerobic glycolysis.

A

decreased pH

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13
Q

Creatine is noted to be highly effective for ________ sports and weakly correlated with _______ sports.

A

Strength, endurance

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14
Q

The CPr system is _________.

A

Very fast

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15
Q

During what form of exercise might the oxidative energy system be used.

A

An ultra-endurance race

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16
Q

The speed at which ATP is split increases as exercise intensity ____________.

A

increases

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17
Q

___________ is more important than __________ in regard to creatine supplementation.

A

Daily use, timing

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18
Q

Which system helps replenish ATP? Creatine Phosphate, Anaerobic Glycolysis, Oxidative Phosphorylation.

A

All of these

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19
Q

During what form of exercise might glycolysis be the main energy system?

A

Running 1 mile

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20
Q

Creatine is stored similarly in males and females. True or False

A

False

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21
Q

can you define energy in terms of size, shape, or mass? True or False?

A

False

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22
Q

The most common electron-accepting compounds are _______ and ________.

A

NAD, FAD

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23
Q

What does NAD stand for?

A

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

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24
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation is ________.

A

Slow

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25
Q

ATP is hydrolyzed, or split, to release energy for exercise reducing it to ______.

A

ADP

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26
Q

Fatigue occurs due to _______ in the creatine phosphate system.

A

CrP depletion

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27
Q

Food is to carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, as energy is to ________.

A

ATP

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28
Q

NAD and FAD can __________.

A

exist in oxidative and reduced forms.

29
Q

When a phosphate bond splits to create ADP, how many kcal of free energy (per 1 mole of ATP) are released?

30
Q

The creatine phosphate (CPr) system has how many chemical steps.

A

1 chemical step

31
Q

Fatigue occurs due to _______ in oxidative phosphorylation.

A

fuel depletion

32
Q

The body is only able to store approximately _________ grams of ATP which is why humans must consistently replenish these stores, especially when related to sports and exercise.

33
Q

During what form of exercise might the PCr system be highest?

A

a 100m sprint

34
Q

As exercise intensity increases blood lactate concentration increases or decreases?

35
Q

What is not a MAJOR source of creatine?

A

Vegetables

36
Q

what is the net yield of ATP from 1 glucose molecule during slow glycolysis?

37
Q

During exercise, ATP is created from nutrients remaining in our bloodstream from the last meal or stored nutrients.

38
Q

Which form of glycolysis forms acetyl coa from pyruvate? Slow glycolysis or fast glycolysis?

A

slow glycolysis

39
Q

CHO consumption during exercise helps maintain muscle glycogen stores and _______ time from exhaustion.

40
Q

_________ stores predict fatigue.

41
Q

What is lactate threshold?

A

The level at which lactate begins to accumulate in the blood during exercise

42
Q

What is the net yield of ATP from 1 glucose molecule during fast glycolysis?

43
Q

During glycolysis 1 ________ molecule is broken down to 2 _________ molecules.

A

glucose, pyruvate

44
Q

Once pyruvate forms acetyl coa during slow glycolysis, this then enters the _______ cycle and finally the ________ to form ATP.

A

Krebs, ETC

45
Q

What is the fate of lactate when produced in the body? Lactate can be used within the cell as fuel by remaking pyruvate. Lactate can be transported through the blood and used as fuel for other tissues. Lactate is an important fuel source for numerous tissues.

A

All of these

46
Q

The reason carbohydrates are so important in the diet is because humans have an infinite supply of carbohydrates and these stores take a long time to deplete. True or false?

47
Q

The urea cycle converts ________ to ________ in the liver.

A

ammonia, urea

48
Q

There is only one energy system that humans rely on for different types of physical activity. True or False?

49
Q

There are 2 types of Glycolysis. The one utilized is based on the fate of _________.

50
Q

How much ATP comes from substrate-level phosphorylation during slow glycolysis?

51
Q

During beta-oxidation, carbons are cleaved from fatty acids to form __________.

A

acetyl coa

52
Q

__________ are largely metabolized for short bursts of activity after the creatine system is depleted.

A

Carbohydrates

53
Q

How long can fast glycolysis continue for?

A

1-2 minutes

54
Q

Which form of glycolysis for lactate from pyruvate?

A

fast glycolysis

55
Q

Lactates rise in the blood is correlated with _________.

56
Q

For an 18-carbon fatty acid _________ acetyl coa are generated.

57
Q

What is the main pathway of CHO breakdown?

A

The process by which the nitrogen from one amino acid is transferred from another amino acid and a keto acid.

58
Q

How is protein different from the other macronutrients (fats and carbohydrates)

A

protein contains nitrogen

59
Q

Lactic acid exists in the human body, its why you get sore after exercising. True or False

60
Q

Triglycerides are broken down into __________ during lipolysis.

A

fatty acids

61
Q

Once absorbed, nutrients make _______, which powers every movement from our heart0beat to running a marathon.

62
Q

The breakdown of lipids can create a lot of ATP. Further, 3 main factors determine how much lipid is used as a fuel source during exercise. Which is not one of the 3 main factors.

A

How much protein an individual consumes POST workout.

63
Q

How many enzymatic reactions occur curing glycolysis?

64
Q

The goal should be to use protein as a fuel source, similar to how carbohydrates and fat are used. True or False

65
Q

Which of the following is not a metabolic fate of amino acids, Protein turnover, Energy Production, Fat Cells.

A

All of these

66
Q

Which of the following definitions describe deamination?

A

The process by which the nitrogen from an amino acid is stripped to form a keto acid and free ammonia.

67
Q

The food we eat is digested and absorbed to extract the ________ energy in macronutrients.

68
Q

CHO metabolism _________.

A

can be either aerobic or anaerobic depending on the circumstances.

Intro to Sports Nutrition (3 decks)

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