Exam 2

Question 1

The study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment?

Answer 1

Ecology

Question 2

Five main levels that ecologist work with…

Answer 2

1. Organisms.
2. Populations.
3. Communities.
4. Ecosystems.
5. The Biosphere.

Question 3

Heritable traits that increase the fitness of an individual in a particular environment relative to individuals lacking the trait.

Answer 3

Adaptations.

Question 4

A group of individuals of the same species that lives in the same area at the same time?

Answer 4

Population

Question 5

Consists of populations of different species that interact with each other within a particular area.

Answer 5

Community

Question 6

No one species can survive the full array of environmental conditions present on Earth due to….

Answer 6

Fitness trade-offs.

Question 7

The evolutionary compromise that must be made between traits that cannot be optimized simultaneously.

Answer 7

fitness trade-offs.

Question 8

The ___________ consists of a rocky shoreline, sandy Beach, or mud flat that is exposed to the air at low tide but submerged at high tide.

Answer 8

Intertidal zone.

Question 9

Intertidal zone?

Answer 9

The region between the low tide and high tide marks on a seashore.

Question 10

Shallow marine waters beyond the intertidal zone, extending down to about 200 meters, where the continental shelf ends.

Answer 10

Neritic zone.

Question 11

The _________ extends from the intertidal zone to depths of about 200m.

Answer 11

neritic zone

Question 12

The ___________ is the “open ocean” — the deep water region beyond the continental shelf.

Answer 12

oceanic zone

Question 13

The bottom of the ocean at all depths is the….

Answer 13

benthic zone.

Question 14

The intertidal and sunlit regions of the neritic, oceanic, and benthic zones make up a….

Answer 14

photic zone.

Question 15

Areas that do not receive sunlight are in an

Answer 15

aphotic zone.

Question 16

Large assemblages of colonial marine corals that usually serves as shallow-watre, sunlit habitat for many other species as well.

Answer 16

coral reefs.

Question 17

In the tropics, shallow portions of the neritic zone host the most productive environments in the world…

Answer 17

coral reefs.

Question 18

The _____________ consists of the waters along the shore that are shallow enough for plants to take root.

Answer 18

littoral zone.

Question 19

The __________ is offshore and comprises water that receives enough light to support photosynthesis but that is too deep for plants to take root.

Answer 19

limnetic zone.