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HTH 100 > EXAM 2 > Flashcards

EXAM 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Somnolence

A

drowsiness, sluggishness, and a lack of mental alertness that can affect daily performance

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2
Q

Sleep Inertia

A

characterized by cognitive impairment, grogginess, queasiness, and a disoriented feeling, can occur after 30 or more minutes of napping.

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3
Q

Sleep Deprivation

A

when the amount of sleep a person gets is insufficient for them to sustain optimum health

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4
Q

Circadian Rhythm

A

24-hour cycle that controls when you sleep, when you wake, and other habitual behaviors

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5
Q

Insomnia

A

difficulty falling asleep, frequent arousals during sleep, or early morning awakening. It is the most common sleep complaint

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6
Q

What does DROWSY driving equate to?

A

DRUNK driving

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7
Q

How many Americans do not routinely get the recommended amount of sleep? (at least 7 hours)

A

1 in 3

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8
Q

% of students that report feeling tired, dragged out, sleepy a certain amount of days of the week

A

Nearly 75% of students report feeling tired, dragged out, or sleepy 3 out of 7 days each week.

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9
Q

Non-REM Sleep

A

No rapid eye movement, restorative, 4 stages total, diminishes as the night goes on

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10
Q

What are the 4 stages of Non-REM Sleep?

A
  • Stage 1: Drifting off to sleep
  • Stage 2: Slower brain waves than stage 1, and deeper sleep state
  • Stage 3: Slow delta waves are generated; blood pressure and heart rate drop
  • Stage 4: Deepest stage of sleep
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11
Q

REM Sleep

A

Experience rapid eye movement, energizing, increases as the night goes on, dreaming takes place, brain wave activity is similar to a wakeful state/muscles are paralyzed, brain processes the experiences you have had and consolidates the information learned that day.

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12
Q

Why does Jet Lag occur?

A

“Jet-lag” occurs when we experience a disruption in our in our usual day/night patterns

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13
Q

What hormone induces drowsiness?

A

Melatonin, a hormone produced by the pineal gland

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14
Q

Symptoms and causes of insomnia

A
  • Difficulty returning to sleep
  • Un-refreshing sleep
  • Daytime sleepiness
  • Trouble focusing and irritability

Insomnia may be:
- Related to stress and worry
- Related to disrupted circadian rhythms
- A side effect from taking certain medications

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15
Q

What CAN naps do for the body?

A

CAN:
- help improve mood, alertness, and performance

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16
Q

What CAN’T naps do for the body?

A

CANNOT cancel out sleep debt

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17
Q

How many US adults suffer from sleep related disorders?

A

As many as 70 million

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18
Q

Addiction

A

a treatable chronic disease involving complex interactions between an individual’s brain, genetics, environment, and life experiences. Can be physiological/psychological dependence

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19
Q

Drugs

A

Substances other than food that are intended to affect the structure or function of the mind or body through chemical action
- OTC, alcohol, caffeine, tobacco, heroin, methamphetamines, etc.

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20
Q

Cross-Fading

A

consuming alcohol and cannabis at the same time

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21
Q

Poly-drug Use

A

Taking several substances simultaneously

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22
Q

3 Risk Categories for Addiction

A
  • Environmental Factors: Ready access to the substance/experience, abusive/neglectful home environment, peer norms, membership in an oppressed or marginalized group, chronic or acute stressors
  • Psychological Factors: low self-esteem, external locus of control, passivity, PTSD
  • Biological Factors: Unusual early response to the substance or experience, ADHD and other learning disabilities, addiction among biological family members
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23
Q

Cycle for Psychological Addictions

A
  1. Compulsion: Obsession/excessive preoccupation with the behavior
  2. Loss of control: inability to predict reliably whether the behavior will be damaging or not. Tendency to overdo is prevalent
  3. Negative consequences: physical harm, financial/legal trouble, academic failure, family dissolution
  4. Denial: inability to recognize that the behavior is destructive
  5. Inability to abstain from the dependency even though one knows the behavior/substance is harmful
24
Q

Common Process Addictions

A

*Cause a reward for the brain & are brain altering

  • Technology (social media)
  • Porn/Sex
  • Gambling
  • Compulsive Buying
  • Exercise
  • Work Behaviors
25
Q

% of college students impacted by exercise addiction

A

6%

26
Q

% of Americans impacted by work addiction

A

10%

27
Q

Clinical name for the brain’s pleasure circuit

A

Mesolimbic dopamine system

28
Q

How addictive drugs impact the brain’s pleasure circuits

A

All addictive drugs activate the brain’s pleasure circuit, and addiction alters the way the pleasure center and other parts of the brain function

29
Q

What do psychoactive drugs do to the chemical neurotransmission of the brain?

A

Affects chemical neurotransmission, either enhancing it, suppressing it, or interfering with it

30
Q

Routes of Administration for drug use

A
  • Oral
  • Inhalation
  • Injection (intravenous –> bloodstream; intramuscular –> muscle; subcutaneous –> just under skin
  • Transdermal (through skin or mucosal membranes, i.e. snorting)
  • Suppositories (through vagina or anus)
31
Q

What type of drugs is DXM commonly found in?

A

Found in cold medicines like Robitussin, Vicks, and NyQuil

31
Q

What does Dextromethorphan (DXM) do to the body?

A

causes hallucinations, loss of motor control, and “out-of-body” sensations

32
Q

Pseudoephedrine

A

Cold and allergy medication ingredient that is used in the illegal manufacture of methamphetamine

33
Q

THC (tetrahydrocannabinol)

A

main psychoactive compound; responsible for the “high” people associate with cannabis

34
Q

CBD (cannabidiol)

A

non-intoxicating and non-euphoric, used more for medicinal purposes

35
Q

Short term effects of cannabis use

A

relaxation, giddiness, increased appetite, focus and creativity, delayed reaction time, nausea, lethargy, anxiety

36
Q

Long term effects of cannabis use

A

brain development when use begins early (teens), dependence or possible withdrawal symptoms, respiratory problems

37
Q

Delta-8 Strand vs Delta-9 Strand of THC

A

Delta-8: synthesized
Delta-9: Naturally occuring

38
Q

Drinking Culture

A

The attitudes and behaviors that groups of people promote in terms of alcohol consumption

39
Q

How much pure alcohol in 1 drink of BEER?

A

5%

40
Q

How much pure alcohol in 1 drink of MALT LIQUOR?

A

7%

41
Q

How much pure alcohol in 1 drink of TABLE WINE?

A

12%

42
Q

How much pure alcohol in 1 drink of 80 PROOF SPIRITS?

A

40%

43
Q

123 Drinking guidelines

A

1 drink per hour
2 drinks if drinking daily
3 drinks on occasion (if not drinking daily)

44
Q

How many drinks should you NOT exceed per week?

A

no more than 14 drinks per week

45
Q

High Risk Drinking

A

Any drinking behavior that surpasses the low risk drinking guidelines

46
Q

Blood Alcohol Content

A

The ratio of alcohol to total blood volume

47
Q

How long does it take to metabolize 1 standard drink?

A

1 hour to metabolize 0.6 oz of pure alcohol (1 standard drink)

48
Q

Protective Strategies for Drinking

A
  • Eat before and during!
  • Alternate non-alcoholic with alcohol beverages
  • Plan a safe, reliable way to get home
  • Stay at your pace, not others
  • Be mindful of your mood
  • Set boundaries for yourself
49
Q

Variables that individual BAC is dependent on

A
  • weight
  • body fat %
  • Alcohol By Volume (ABV) of the drinks consumed
50
Q

Short Term effects of alcohol consumption

A

Nervous system (slowed reaction time, slurred speech, impaired judgment and motor coordination, high BACs can lead to coma and death), Senses (dulled sense of taste and smell, less acute vision and hearing), Skin (flushing, sweating, heat loss)

51
Q

Long Term effects of alcohol consumption

A

Long Term:
Brain (memory impairment, damaged/destroyed brain cells), Immune System (lowered disease resistance), Heart (weakened heart muscle, elevated blood pressure)

52
Q

Standard drink size of BEER

A

12 oz

53
Q

Standard drink size of MALT LIQUOR

A

8.5 oz

54
Q

Standard drink size of TABLE WINE

A

5 oz

55
Q

Standard drink size of 80 PROOF SPIRITS

A

1.5 oz

HTH 100 (3 decks)

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