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HTH 100 > EXAM 1 > Flashcards

EXAM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the top 5 impediments of academic performance?

A
  1. Procrastination
  2. Stress
  3. Anxiety
  4. Depression
  5. Sleep
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2
Q

What are the top 5 leading causes of death ages 10-34?

A
  1. Unintentional Injury
  2. Suicide
  3. Malignant Neoplasms
  4. Homicide
  5. Heart Disease
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3
Q

Primary Method of Prevention

A

aims to prevent disease or injury BEFORE it occurs (health education, immunizations, laws/policies)

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4
Q

Secondary Method of Prevention

A

aims to reduce the impact of a disease/injury that has already occurred (medical treatments, screening tests/exams)

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5
Q

Tertiary Method of Prevention

A

aims to soften the impact of an ongoing illness/injury that has lasting effects or delay mortality (rehabilitation programs, support groups, chemotherapy)

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6
Q

Prevalence

A

measure of disease that allows us to determine a person’s likelihood of having a disease - total number of cases of disease existing in a population

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7
Q

Incidence

A

a person’s probability of being diagnosed with a disease during a given period of time - # of newly diagnosed cases of a disease

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8
Q

Morbidity

A

rate of having a disease or a symptom of disease, or to the amount of disease within a population

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9
Q

Mortality

A

death rate, # of deaths in a population

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10
Q

In 1900, what was the leading cause of death (all ages)

A

Infectious disease

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11
Q

Transtheoretical Model

A
  1. Precontemplation Stage: unaware, no intention to change
  2. Contemplation Stage: aware problem exists, not committed to change yet
  3. Preparation Stage: intention to make a change, identifies possible barriers and how they will overcome them
  4. Action Stage: doing the change and creating new behavior habits
  5. Maintenance Stage: has continued new behavior, has made needed modifications
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12
Q

Modifiable Determinant

A

can be changed (behavior)

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13
Q

Nonmodifiable Determinant

A

cannot be changed (biological determinants)

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14
Q

Intellectual Health

A

Ability to think clearly and make responsible decisions

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15
Q

Physical Health

A

A person’s ability to perform activities of daily living

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16
Q

Social Cognitive Model

A

Behavior –> Social Environment –> Inner Thoughts & Feelings (cognition)

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17
Q

WHO Definition of Health

A

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

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18
Q

Biology

A

An individual’s genetics, ethnicity, age, and sex

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19
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A
  1. Self Actualization: creativity, spirituality, fulfillment of potential
  2. Esteem: self-respect, respect for others, accomplishment
  3. Social: belonging, affection, acceptance
  4. Security: shelter, safety, protection
  5. Survival: food, water, sleep, exercise, sexual expression
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20
Q

Social Isolation

A

lacking in social connections

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21
Q

Loneliness

A

feeling of being alone, regardless of the amount of social connection

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22
Q

Self-Efficacy

A

a person’s belief about whether they can successfully engage in and execute a specific behavior

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23
Q

Self-Esteem

A

one’s realistic sense of self-respect and self-worth

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24
Q

Psychological Health

A

cumulative sum of a person’s mental, emotional, social, and spiritual wellness; how we think, feel, relate, and exist in our day-to-day lives

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25
Q

Mental Health

A

the thinking part of psychological health; includes how well we process information, our values, and how our mind processes and understands information and life experiences

26
Q

Emotional Health

A

the feeling, or subjective, side of psychological health. It involves our ability to manage and express the emotions that arise from our past experiences and learned behaviors

27
Q

Social Health

A

the aspect of psychological health that includes interactions with other people, ability to use social supports, and ability to adapt to various situations

28
Q

Family

A

can refer to family of origin or a supportive network of individuals who share common bonds or beliefs

29
Q
A
30
Q

Spiritual Health

A

the aspect of psychological health that relates to having a sense of meaning and purpose to one’s life as well as a feeling of connection with other people and with nature

31
Q

Social Support

A

A network of people and services with which we share ties and from which we get support

32
Q

Resiliency

A
  • Feel good about themselves
  • High sense of personal growth
  • Sense of purpose in life
  • Value diversity
33
Q

Mental Illness Among College Students

A

Most Common: Anxiety Disorders
Depression
OCD
PTSD
Personality Disorders
Schizophrenia

34
Q

Happiness

A

A collective term for several positive state in which individuals actively embrace the world around them

35
Q

What Makes Up Happiness?

A
  • Health: knowing and partaking in healthy habits
  • Intimacy: being able to enjoy the company of friends and family, as well as practice empathy
  • Resources: possessing a certain agency over one’s conditions in life
  • Competence: the knowledge of and ability to learn new skills
36
Q

Adult Mental Health Statistic

A

Nearly 1 in 5 US adults live with a diagnosable mental illness

37
Q

Learned Helplessness

A

Where people continually give up because of past experiences

38
Q

Biggest Contributor to Loneliness

A

Technology

39
Q

Personality

A

Unique mix of characteristics that set us apart from others
Big 5: agreeableness, openness, neuroticism, conscientiousness, extroversion

40
Q

Emotional Intelligence

A

A person’s ability to understand, use, and manage emotional states in positive and constructive ways
- Self-awareness
- Self-regulation/self-management
-Internal motivation
- Empathy
- Social skills

41
Q

Stress

A

mental and physical response and adaptation by our bodies to real or perceived change and challenges

42
Q

Stressors

A

any real/perceived physical, social, or psychological event or stimulus that causes our bodies to react with stress

43
Q

Eustress

A

Positive stress, personal growth and satisfaction, can improve ones health (working out)

44
Q

Distress

A

negative stress, occurs when tired, under the influence, coping with illness, financial, relationship issues

45
Q

Chronic Stress

A

lingering stress (indefinitely) and wreaks havoc on body systems

46
Q

Acute Stress

A

most common stress, comes from the demands of the recent past/near future, does not damage health

47
Q

Homeostasis

A

balanced physiological state in which all the body’s systems function smoothly

48
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome

A

1- Alarm Stage
2- Resistance Stage
3- Exhaustion Stage

49
Q

Alarm Stage

A

stressor disrupts body’s stability, temporarily lowering resistance

50
Q

Resistance Stage

A

body resources are mobilized to combat stressor, and body maintains a higher level or resistance

51
Q

Exhaustion Stage

A

body runs out of adaptation energy stores for adjusting to stressor, and resistance drops below normal

52
Q

Allostatic Load

A

exhausted wear and tear on the body (prolonged effort to adapt to stress leads to this

53
Q

Immunocompetence

A

the ability of the body to protect you. Continual release of cortisol and other hormones can reduce immunocompetence

54
Q

Psychosocial Structures - Causes of Stress

A
  • Adjustment to change
  • Hassles: little things that bug you
  • Frustration and conflict
  • Overload
  • Stressful environments
  • Bias and discrimination
55
Q

Alarm Phase –> Fight or Flight Response

A

Cerebral cortex triggers an autonomic nervous system response that prepares you for action
The autonomic nervous system controls the heart, glandular functions, and breathing
Has 2 branches:
Sympathetic Nervous system → energizes the body for fight or flight by signaling release of several stress hormones
Parasympathetic Nervous System → functions to slow all the systems stimulated by the stress response
Hypothalamus functions as the control center of the sympathetic nervous system and determines the reaction to stress
It stimulates the adrenal glands to release epinephrine (adrenaline)
This causes more blood to be pumped, dilates the airways in the lungs, increases breathing rate, and causes more glucose to be released
It also causes the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) which in turn causes the release of cortisol
Cortisol causes more stored nutrients to be released to meet energy demands
Endorphins are released to relieve pain

56
Q

Resistance Phase –> body tries to return to homeostasis

A

Because some perceived stressor still exists, the body does not achieve complete calm or rest - it stays activated, causing a higher metabolic rate in some organ tissues

57
Q

Exhaustion Phase –> a prolonged effort to adapt to stress may lead to allostatic load

A

This exhaustion phase occurs when the physical and emotional energy used to fight the stressor has been depleted
Continual release of cortisol and other hormones can reduce immunocompetence (ability of body to protect you)

58
Q

Endorphins

A

released to relieve pain (during alarm phase)

59
Q

Adrenal Glands

A

released during alarm stage, stimulated in response to stress, release epinephrine (adrenaline)

60
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Physical Stress

A

1- Tension, headaches, migraine, dizziness
2- Oil skin, blemishes, rashes, blushing
3- Dry mouth, jaw pain, grinding teeth
4- Backache, neck stiffness, muscle cramps, fatigue
5- Tightness in chest, hyperventilation, heart pounding, palpitations
6- Stomachache, acid stomach, burping, nausea, indigestion, stomach “butterflies”
7- Diarrhea, gassiness, constipation, increased urge to urinate
8- Cold hands, sweaty hands and feet, hand tremor

61
Q

Warning Signs of Suicide

A

1- Recent loss; can’t move past grief stage
2- preoccupation/persistence with death
3- History of depression
4- Change in personality
5- Change in behavior
6- Change in sleep and/or eating patterns
7- Final preparations (writing will)

62
Q

What part of the brain controls the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Hypothalamus

HTH 100 (3 decks)

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