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EXAM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the top 5 impediments of academic performance?

A
  1. Procrastination
  2. Stress
  3. Anxiety
  4. Depression
  5. Sleep
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2
Q

What are the top 5 leading causes of death ages 10-34?

A
  1. Unintentional Injury
  2. Suicide
  3. Malignant Neoplasms
  4. Homicide
  5. Heart Disease
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3
Q

Primary Method of Prevention

A

aims to prevent disease or injury BEFORE it occurs (health education, immunizations, laws/policies)

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4
Q

Secondary Method of Prevention

A

aims to reduce the impact of a disease/injury that has already occurred (medical treatments, screening tests/exams)

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5
Q

Tertiary Method of Prevention

A

aims to soften the impact of an ongoing illness/injury that has lasting effects or delay mortality (rehabilitation programs, support groups, chemotherapy)

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6
Q

Prevalence

A

measure of disease that allows us to determine a person’s likelihood of having a disease - total number of cases of disease existing in a population

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7
Q

Incidence

A

a person’s probability of being diagnosed with a disease during a given period of time - # of newly diagnosed cases of a disease

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8
Q

Morbidity

A

rate of having a disease or a symptom of disease, or to the amount of disease within a population

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9
Q

Mortality

A

death rate, # of deaths in a population

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10
Q

In 1900, what was the leading cause of death (all ages)

A

Infectious disease

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11
Q

Transtheoretical Model

A
  1. Precontemplation Stage: unaware, no intention to change
  2. Contemplation Stage: aware problem exists, not committed to change yet
  3. Preparation Stage: intention to make a change, identifies possible barriers and how they will overcome them
  4. Action Stage: doing the change and creating new behavior habits
  5. Maintenance Stage: has continued new behavior, has made needed modifications
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12
Q

Modifiable Determinant

A

can be changed (behavior)

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13
Q

Nonmodifiable Determinant

A

cannot be changed (biological determinants)

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14
Q

Intellectual Health

A

Ability to think clearly and make responsible decisions

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15
Q

Physical Health

A

A person’s ability to perform activities of daily living

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16
Q

Social Cognitive Model

A

Behavior –> Social Environment –> Inner Thoughts & Feelings (cognition)

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17
Q

WHO Definition of Health

A

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

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18
Q

Biology

A

An individual’s genetics, ethnicity, age, and sex

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19
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A
  1. Self Actualization: creativity, spirituality, fulfillment of potential
  2. Esteem: self-respect, respect for others, accomplishment
  3. Social: belonging, affection, acceptance
  4. Security: shelter, safety, protection
  5. Survival: food, water, sleep, exercise, sexual expression
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20
Q

Social Isolation

A

lacking in social connections

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21
Q

Loneliness

A

feeling of being alone, regardless of the amount of social connection

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22
Q

Self-Efficacy

A

a person’s belief about whether they can successfully engage in and execute a specific behavior

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23
Q

Self-Esteem

A

one’s realistic sense of self-respect and self-worth

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24
Q

Psychological Health

A

cumulative sum of a person’s mental, emotional, social, and spiritual wellness; how we think, feel, relate, and exist in our day-to-day lives

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25
Mental Health
the thinking part of psychological health; includes how well we process information, our values, and how our mind processes and understands information and life experiences
26
Emotional Health
the feeling, or subjective, side of psychological health. It involves our ability to manage and express the emotions that arise from our past experiences and learned behaviors
27
Social Health
the aspect of psychological health that includes interactions with other people, ability to use social supports, and ability to adapt to various situations
28
Family
can refer to family of origin or a supportive network of individuals who share common bonds or beliefs
29
30
Spiritual Health
the aspect of psychological health that relates to having a sense of meaning and purpose to one’s life as well as a feeling of connection with other people and with nature
31
Social Support
A network of people and services with which we share ties and from which we get support
32
Resiliency
- Feel good about themselves - High sense of personal growth - Sense of purpose in life - Value diversity
33
Mental Illness Among College Students
Most Common: Anxiety Disorders Depression OCD PTSD Personality Disorders Schizophrenia
34
Happiness
A collective term for several positive state in which individuals actively embrace the world around them
35
What Makes Up Happiness?
- Health: knowing and partaking in healthy habits - Intimacy: being able to enjoy the company of friends and family, as well as practice empathy - Resources: possessing a certain agency over one's conditions in life - Competence: the knowledge of and ability to learn new skills
36
Adult Mental Health Statistic
Nearly 1 in 5 US adults live with a diagnosable mental illness
37
Learned Helplessness
Where people continually give up because of past experiences
38
Biggest Contributor to Loneliness
Technology
39
Personality
Unique mix of characteristics that set us apart from others Big 5: agreeableness, openness, neuroticism, conscientiousness, extroversion
40
Emotional Intelligence
A person's ability to understand, use, and manage emotional states in positive and constructive ways - Self-awareness - Self-regulation/self-management -Internal motivation - Empathy - Social skills
41
Stress
mental and physical response and adaptation by our bodies to real or perceived change and challenges
42
Stressors
any real/perceived physical, social, or psychological event or stimulus that causes our bodies to react with stress
43
Eustress
Positive stress, personal growth and satisfaction, can improve ones health (working out)
44
Distress
negative stress, occurs when tired, under the influence, coping with illness, financial, relationship issues
45
Chronic Stress
lingering stress (indefinitely) and wreaks havoc on body systems
46
Acute Stress
most common stress, comes from the demands of the recent past/near future, does not damage health
47
Homeostasis
balanced physiological state in which all the body’s systems function smoothly
48
General Adaptation Syndrome
1- Alarm Stage 2- Resistance Stage 3- Exhaustion Stage
49
Alarm Stage
stressor disrupts body’s stability, temporarily lowering resistance
50
Resistance Stage
body resources are mobilized to combat stressor, and body maintains a higher level or resistance
51
Exhaustion Stage
body runs out of adaptation energy stores for adjusting to stressor, and resistance drops below normal
52
Allostatic Load
exhausted wear and tear on the body (prolonged effort to adapt to stress leads to this
53
Immunocompetence
the ability of the body to protect you. Continual release of cortisol and other hormones can reduce immunocompetence
54
Psychosocial Structures - Causes of Stress
- Adjustment to change - Hassles: little things that bug you - Frustration and conflict - Overload - Stressful environments - Bias and discrimination
55
Alarm Phase --> Fight or Flight Response
Cerebral cortex triggers an autonomic nervous system response that prepares you for action The autonomic nervous system controls the heart, glandular functions, and breathing Has 2 branches: Sympathetic Nervous system → energizes the body for fight or flight by signaling release of several stress hormones Parasympathetic Nervous System → functions to slow all the systems stimulated by the stress response Hypothalamus functions as the control center of the sympathetic nervous system and determines the reaction to stress It stimulates the adrenal glands to release epinephrine (adrenaline) This causes more blood to be pumped, dilates the airways in the lungs, increases breathing rate, and causes more glucose to be released It also causes the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) which in turn causes the release of cortisol Cortisol causes more stored nutrients to be released to meet energy demands Endorphins are released to relieve pain
56
Resistance Phase --> body tries to return to homeostasis
Because some perceived stressor still exists, the body does not achieve complete calm or rest - it stays activated, causing a higher metabolic rate in some organ tissues
57
Exhaustion Phase --> a prolonged effort to adapt to stress may lead to allostatic load
This exhaustion phase occurs when the physical and emotional energy used to fight the stressor has been depleted Continual release of cortisol and other hormones can reduce immunocompetence (ability of body to protect you)
58
Endorphins
released to relieve pain (during alarm phase)
59
Adrenal Glands
released during alarm stage, stimulated in response to stress, release epinephrine (adrenaline)
60
Signs and Symptoms of Physical Stress
1- Tension, headaches, migraine, dizziness 2- Oil skin, blemishes, rashes, blushing 3- Dry mouth, jaw pain, grinding teeth 4- Backache, neck stiffness, muscle cramps, fatigue 5- Tightness in chest, hyperventilation, heart pounding, palpitations 6- Stomachache, acid stomach, burping, nausea, indigestion, stomach “butterflies” 7- Diarrhea, gassiness, constipation, increased urge to urinate 8- Cold hands, sweaty hands and feet, hand tremor
61
Warning Signs of Suicide
1- Recent loss; can't move past grief stage 2- preoccupation/persistence with death 3- History of depression 4- Change in personality 5- Change in behavior 6- Change in sleep and/or eating patterns 7- Final preparations (writing will)
62
What part of the brain controls the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system?
Hypothalamus

HTH 100 (3 decks)

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