Exam 2 Flashcards
What is the size range of most prokaryotic cells ?
.1 to 5.0 micrometers
What is the size range of most eukaryotic cells?
10 to 100 micrometers
How did eukaryotic cells evolve from the process of endosymbiosis?
Ancient prokaryotic cells, ex:bacteria were engulfed by another (host) cell. Instead of being digested the two established a relationship this bacteria then began to provide a beneficial function to the host which was eventually named an organelle.
What is cell theory and its three principles ?
All living organisms are made of cells
- All organisms are composed of one or more cells
- The cell is the basic unit of structure or organization in organisms
- Cells arise from other pre-existing cells
What are the three domains of life? (BAE)
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
What do eukaryotic cells contain ?
Membrane-bound nucleus and organelles
What do prokaryotic cells contain ?
No internal membrane-bound organelles and are generally single celled
(Prokaryotic Cell)
What is the function of the nucleoid region?
This is where prokaryotic cells store their chromosome DNA (in the cells central part)
(Prokaryotic Cell)
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Jelly like liquid that holds or contains parts of the cell (made of water, salts etc.)
(Prokaryotic Cell)
What is the function of the Ribosomes?
These facilitate protein synthesis
(Prokaryotic Cell)
What is the function of the cell membrane?
This selectively permeable membrane allows some molecules in and is made of lipids
(Prokaryotic Cell)
What is the function of the cell wall?
Provides structure to the cell and usually made of peptidoglycan
(Prokaryotic Cell)
What is the function of the capsule?
This is the outermost layer of carbs it allows the cell to be sticky
(Prokaryotic Cell)
What is the function of the fimbriae (pili)
This hair like trait helps the cell attach to other surfaces
Cell transport in prokaryotes
The prokaryotes small size allows ions and organic molecules to quickly diffuse to other parts of the cell
What is the main distinguishing feature of eukaryotes compared to prokaryotes?
Compartmentalization and the presence of membrane-bound organelles or “little organs”
What is the name of the variety of membrane bound structures in eukaryotic cells ?
Endomembrane system
(Eukaryotic Cell)
What is the function of the nuclear envelope?
This is the membrane enclosing the nucleus its protein like pores allow material to move in and out
(Eukaryotic Cell)
What is the function of the chromatin?
Carries DNA and its associated proteins
(Eukaryotic Cell)
What is the function of the nucleous?
This is the condensed region where ribosomes form
(Eukaryotic Cell)
What is the function of the peroxisomes?
Metabolize waste
(Eukaryotic Cell)
What is the function of the RER?
Synthesize and store proteins
(Eukaryotic Cell)
What is the function of the SER?
To produce and metabolize both fats and steroid hormones
(Eukaryotic Cell)
What is the function of the vacuole?
To store and transport materials
(Eukaryotic Cell)
What is the function of the microtubules?
Form the mitotic spindle and maintain the cells shape
(Eukaryotic Cell)
What is the function of the centrosome?
Organize microtubules
(Eukaryotic Cell)
What is the function of the intermediate filaments?
These are fibrous proteins that hold organelles in place