Exam 2

Question 1

Missouri’s main forage

Answer 1

Tall fescue

Question 2

When are cool season grasses most productive

Answer 2

spring and fall

Question 3

Varieties of Tall Fescue

Answer 3

toxic endophyte
endophyte free
novel endophyte

Question 4

Toxic endophyte

Answer 4

Kentucky 31
produces alkaloids- ergovaline
drought tolerant
insect resistant
disease resistant

Question 5

Endophyte free tall fescue

Answer 5

not infected with endophyte
gives up resistance but does not produce ergovaline- no toxicity risks

Question 6

Novel endophyte tall fescue

Answer 6

infected with a not-as-toxic endophyte
middle ground for resistance vs. toxicity

Question 7

What determines seeding averages

Answer 7

1st hard freeze

Question 8

E+

Answer 8

kentucky 31

Question 9

E-

Answer 9

Endophyte free

Question 10

E++

Answer 10

novel endophyte

Question 11

Strategies for endophyte tall fescue

Answer 11

grazing management
dilution
limit N fertilizer
clip seedheads
winter grazing

Question 12

How does N fertilization increase endophyte toxicity

Answer 12

N is what is used to produce ergovaline
giving more to the plant results in more toxins produced

Question 13

Ergovaline is concentrated where in the plant

Answer 13

bottom 5 inches
seedhead during reproductive stage

Question 14

What residual should be left when grazing tall fescue

Answer 14

3-4 inches with a 30 day rest

Question 15

Pasture performance of Tall fescue
animal performance

Answer 15

2 ton/acre
better than or equal to 1.0 lb/d ADG

Question 16

What is stockpiled tall fescue

Answer 16

A method to extend the grazing season
at the second growth hump, leave the tall fescue to save for winter grazing

Question 17

Why can we stockpile tall fescue

Answer 17

it has a waxy cuticle that protects it from frost, snow, and water
insulates the leaf
the cell contents then retain their value

Question 18

For what calving season is stockpiled tall fescue important

Answer 18

fall calving season

Question 19

Why stockpile tall fescue vs. feed hay

Answer 19

more cost-effective
greater nutritional value (lower ADF, lower ergovaline content)

Question 20

How do you stockpile tall fescue

Answer 20

reset the pasture (graze or clip) by early August
Nitrogen fertilizer (suggested August 15th)
- can be done because it does not produce a second seedhead)

Question 21

How much Nitrogen should be applied to stockpiled tall fescue

Answer 21

40 lb/acre
feeds grass but stays out of toxic ranges

Question 22

Second most used cool season forage in MO

Answer 22

orchardgrass

Question 23

Grazing management for orchardgrass

Answer 23

3-4 inch residual
30 day rest

Question 24

Orchardgrass pasture performance?
Animal performance?

Answer 24

2 ton/acre
greater than or equal to 0.5 lb/d more than tall fescue

Question 25

Third most used cool season grass in MO

Answer 25

Smooth brome

Question 26

How to identify smooth brome

Answer 26

M watermark indention on leaves

Question 27

Smooth brome pasture performance? Animal performance?

Answer 27

2 ton/acre greater than or equal to 1.7 lb/d

Question 28

How much N to apply to smooth brome

Answer 28

don't have to worry about toxicity so more is better

Question 29

Where does reed canary grass grow

Answer 29

river bottoms land that holds water

Question 30

Varieties of Reed canary grass

Answer 30

'low' alkaloid varieties Palaton and Venture

Question 31

When is reed canary grass good for grazing

Answer 31

early keep it below 12" use heavy grazing pressure to keep it managed

Question 32

Pasture performance of Reed Canary grass Animal performance?

Answer 32

3 ton/acre 2 lbs/day- goes down with more mature plants

Question 33

Annual cool season grasses

Answer 33

forage oats cereal rye wheat barley triticale

Question 34

When are forage oats planted and used

Answer 34

planted in summer for fall grazing - very high quality

Question 35

How are forage oats used

Answer 35

to extend the grazing period into the fall further

Question 36

Cool season annual animal performance

Answer 36

2.0-2.5 lbs/d

Question 37

What gaps can cool season annuals fill

Answer 37

extends the grazing period into Feb before the typical grazing period

Question 38

Highest yielding and highest quality cool season annual

Answer 38

Rye matures quickly tho and will go down in quality