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Forage Crop > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

Cool Season Done

1
Q

Missouri’s main forage

A

Tall fescue

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2
Q

When are cool season grasses most productive

A

spring and fall

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3
Q

Varieties of Tall Fescue

A

toxic endophyte
endophyte free
novel endophyte

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4
Q

Toxic endophyte

A

Kentucky 31
produces alkaloids- ergovaline
drought tolerant
insect resistant
disease resistant

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5
Q

Endophyte free tall fescue

A

not infected with endophyte
gives up resistance but does not produce ergovaline- no toxicity risks

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6
Q

Novel endophyte tall fescue

A

infected with a not-as-toxic endophyte
middle ground for resistance vs. toxicity

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7
Q

What determines seeding averages

A

1st hard freeze

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8
Q

E+

A

kentucky 31

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9
Q

E-

A

Endophyte free

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10
Q

E++

A

novel endophyte

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11
Q

Strategies for endophyte tall fescue

A

grazing management
dilution
limit N fertilizer
clip seedheads
winter grazing

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12
Q

How does N fertilization increase endophyte toxicity

A

N is what is used to produce ergovaline
giving more to the plant results in more toxins produced

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13
Q

Ergovaline is concentrated where in the plant

A

bottom 5 inches
seedhead during reproductive stage

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14
Q

What residual should be left when grazing tall fescue

A

3-4 inches with a 30 day rest

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15
Q

Pasture performance of Tall fescue
animal performance

A

2 ton/acre
better than or equal to 1.0 lb/d ADG

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16
Q

What is stockpiled tall fescue

A

A method to extend the grazing season
at the second growth hump, leave the tall fescue to save for winter grazing

17
Q

Why can we stockpile tall fescue

A

it has a waxy cuticle that protects it from frost, snow, and water
insulates the leaf
the cell contents then retain their value

18
Q

For what calving season is stockpiled tall fescue important

A

fall calving season

19
Q

Why stockpile tall fescue vs. feed hay

A

more cost-effective
greater nutritional value (lower ADF, lower ergovaline content)

20
Q

How do you stockpile tall fescue

A

reset the pasture (graze or clip) by early August
Nitrogen fertilizer (suggested August 15th)
- can be done because it does not produce a second seedhead)

21
Q

How much Nitrogen should be applied to stockpiled tall fescue

A

40 lb/acre
feeds grass but stays out of toxic ranges

22
Q

Second most used cool season forage in MO

A

orchardgrass

23
Q

Grazing management for orchardgrass

A

3-4 inch residual
30 day rest

24
Q

Orchardgrass pasture performance?
Animal performance?

A

2 ton/acre
greater than or equal to 0.5 lb/d more than tall fescue

25
Q

Third most used cool season grass in MO

A

Smooth brome

26
Q

How to identify smooth brome

A

M watermark indention on leaves

27
Q

Smooth brome pasture performance?
Animal performance?

A

2 ton/acre
greater than or equal to 1.7 lb/d

28
Q

How much N to apply to smooth brome

A

don’t have to worry about toxicity so more is better

29
Q

Where does reed canary grass grow

A

river bottoms
land that holds water

30
Q

Varieties of Reed canary grass

A

‘low’ alkaloid varieties
Palaton and Venture

31
Q

When is reed canary grass good for grazing

A

early
keep it below 12”
use heavy grazing pressure to keep it managed

32
Q

Pasture performance of Reed Canary grass
Animal performance?

A

3 ton/acre
2 lbs/day- goes down with more mature plants

33
Q

Annual cool season grasses

A

forage oats
cereal rye
wheat
barley triticale

34
Q

When are forage oats planted and used

A

planted in summer for fall grazing
- very high quality

35
Q

How are forage oats used

A

to extend the grazing period into the fall further

36
Q

Cool season annual animal performance

A

2.0-2.5 lbs/d

37
Q

What gaps can cool season annuals fill

A

extends the grazing period into Feb before the typical grazing period

38
Q

Highest yielding and highest quality cool season annual

A

Rye
matures quickly tho and will go down in quality

Forage Crop (2 decks)

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