exam 2

Question 1

What is the particulate model of inheritance?

Answer 1

gene pairs brought together at fertilization that remain distinct and separate in future matings

Question 2

What was the first step of Mendels experiment?

Answer 2

cross two purple and two white pea plants to create a completely homozygous parental generation

Question 3

What happened to the F1 generation in Mendels pea experiment?

Answer 3

all purple heterozygotes

Question 4

What happened to the F2 generation in Mendels pea experiment?

Answer 4

.75 purple and .25 white

Question 5

What is the law of dominance?

Answer 5

when two alternative alleles of a trait are present together in a heterozygote, only one allele will be expressed

Question 6

what is a locus?

Answer 6

physical location on a chromosome where a gene is located

Question 7

What is an allele?

Answer 7

version of a gene

Question 8

What is the genotype of a homozygote?

Answer 8

AA, aa

Question 9

What is the genotype of a heterozygote?

Answer 9

Aa

Question 10

What is a genotype?

Answer 10

complete genetic makeup of a an organism; variants forms of a gene carried by an organism (AA, aa)

Question 11

What is a phenotype?

Answer 11

observable characteristics of an organism produced by the genotype and environment

Question 12

What is the law of segregation?

Answer 12

when an organism creates gametes, each gamete receives one random randomly selected gene copy from each parent

Question 13

What does codominant (incomplete dominance) mean?

Answer 13

in a heterozygous state, both alleles influence phenotype

Question 14

what is independent assortment?

Answer 14

alleles of different genes are sorted into gametes independently of each other

Question 15

What is an example of a haploid gamete?

Answer 15

sperm or egg cells

Question 16

What is pleiotropy?

Answer 16

one gene that influences multiple phenotypes

Question 17

What is neofunctionalization?

Answer 17

one copy of a new duplicated gene gains a new function