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Lifespan Patho > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

All of the following are phenotypes you would see expressed in trisomy 21 (Down’s Syndrome) except?

A

High pitched Voice

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2
Q

When myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply it results in:

A

Angina

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3
Q

A patient is being screened for prostate cancer. Which of the following would be considered suspicious?

A

Blood in urine and semen

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4
Q

What disease phenotype does the following describe: tall/slender, arm span exceeding height, hypermobility of joints.

A

Marfan syndrome

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5
Q

Which of the following best describes a wild-type allele?

A

Most common type of allele

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6
Q

In x-linked disorders all females that receive the mutated x-gene will have the disorder

A

False

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7
Q

Percentage of a population that has a genetic mutation and express the mutation in a phenotype is called

A

Penetrance

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8
Q

One parent has a dominant disease (Mm) and one parent does not (mm). What is the chance the child will have the disease?

A

50%

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9
Q

benign tumors

A

Grows slowly

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10
Q

Cancer cells are able to gain immortality and replicate indefinitely due to maintenance of telomeres

A

True

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11
Q

What process allows malignant tumors to create new blood vessels to connect to the blood and lymph systems

A

Angiogenesis

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12
Q

A patient with breast cancer finds out the cancer has spread to her lung. What is this process called

A

Metastasis

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13
Q

Low density lipoproteins (LDL) are considered “good” cholesterol

A

False

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14
Q

How do you calculate cardiac output?

A

Stroke volume x heart rate

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15
Q

Iron deficiency anemia causes smaller RBCs (low MCV) with less hemoglobin (low MCHC). How would you describe this

A

Microcytic and hypochromic

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16
Q

All people with Turner syndrome are women

A

True

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17
Q

What condition causes the body to release erythropoietin to stimulate the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells?

A

Low levels of oxygen

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18
Q

You are caring for a patient with Klinefelter Syndrome. What characteristic should you expect to see?

A

Gynecomastia

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19
Q

What congenital heart defect is caused by the opening between the aortic and pulmonary arteries failing to close?

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

20
Q

What congenital heart defect is caused by the opening between the aortic and pulmonary arteries failing to close?

A
21
Q

What condition involves wide spread clotting, followed by extensive hemorrhaging?

A

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

22
Q

Acyanotic congenital heart conditions cause left-to-right shunting

A

True

23
Q

Which type of anemia causes neurologic symptoms such as tingling in extremities, loss of vibratory sense, and numbness?

A

Vitamin B12 deficiency (pernicious) anemia

24
Q

Manifestations of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) include all of the following except

A

Atrophic glossitis

25
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot?

A

Is is an acyanotic heart defect

26
Q

CAD is often caused by what condition?

A

Atherosclerosis

27
Q

coagulation disorder involves a deficiency in clotting factor 8?

A

Hemophilia A

28
Q

A carrier of an autosomal recessive gene (Mm) and a healthy person have children (MM). What percentage will be carriers?

A

50%

29
Q

A patient with a DVT develops sharp chest pain, shortness of air, and a rapid pulse? What complication is most likely

A

Pulmonary embolism

30
Q

You are assessing a patient whose legs have hyperpigmentation, thickened skin, and edema. What is likely causing this?

A

Chronic venous insufficiency

31
Q

You are caring for a newborn that cannot convert phenylamine to tyrosine. What disorder does the newborn have?

A

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

32
Q

The most dangerous manifestations of Marfan’s syndrome are leaky heart valves and weakened vessel walls.

A

True

33
Q

phenotype?

A

Observable traits and characteristics

34
Q

Two patients have the same disorder but display two different phenotypes. What is this gene characteristic called?

A

Expressivity

35
Q

What causes development of tumors in patients with neurofibromatosis?

A

Genetic defect of tumor suppressor gene

36
Q

A symptom of right-sided heart failure?

A

Jugular vein distention

37
Q

A characteristic of left-sided heart failure

A

Increased Preload

38
Q

What type of angina is short term, reversible, and can many times be relieved with rest

A

Stable

39
Q

You are caring for a patient with unstable angina. Chest pain with this type of angina is:

A

Not related to activity

40
Q

Ischemia to the heart muscle that is not relieved after 20 minutes results in irreversible muscle cell death.

A

True

41
Q

Cardiac tamponade is compression of the heart caused by pericardial effusion (build up of fluid in the pericardial sac).

A

True

42
Q

In which cardiomyopathy is the LV unable to fully relax between contractions, resulting in less blood being ejected?

A

Hypertrophic

43
Q

patient experiences an acute myocardial infarction. Which statement best describes what has occurred?

A

Death of myocardial cells

44
Q

What is Cor Pulmonale?

A

Right sided heart failure

45
Q

You are caring for a patient with heart failure that is having dyspnea and coughing. What type of heart failure is this?

A

Left sided

Lifespan Patho (2 decks)

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