Exam 2 Flashcards
All of the following are phenotypes you would see expressed in trisomy 21 (Down’s Syndrome) except?
High pitched Voice
When myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply it results in:
Angina
A patient is being screened for prostate cancer. Which of the following would be considered suspicious?
Blood in urine and semen
What disease phenotype does the following describe: tall/slender, arm span exceeding height, hypermobility of joints.
Marfan syndrome
Which of the following best describes a wild-type allele?
Most common type of allele
In x-linked disorders all females that receive the mutated x-gene will have the disorder
False
Percentage of a population that has a genetic mutation and express the mutation in a phenotype is called
Penetrance
One parent has a dominant disease (Mm) and one parent does not (mm). What is the chance the child will have the disease?
50%
benign tumors
Grows slowly
Cancer cells are able to gain immortality and replicate indefinitely due to maintenance of telomeres
True
What process allows malignant tumors to create new blood vessels to connect to the blood and lymph systems
Angiogenesis
A patient with breast cancer finds out the cancer has spread to her lung. What is this process called
Metastasis
Low density lipoproteins (LDL) are considered “good” cholesterol
False
How do you calculate cardiac output?
Stroke volume x heart rate
Iron deficiency anemia causes smaller RBCs (low MCV) with less hemoglobin (low MCHC). How would you describe this
Microcytic and hypochromic
All people with Turner syndrome are women
True
What condition causes the body to release erythropoietin to stimulate the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells?
Low levels of oxygen
You are caring for a patient with Klinefelter Syndrome. What characteristic should you expect to see?
Gynecomastia
What congenital heart defect is caused by the opening between the aortic and pulmonary arteries failing to close?
Patent ductus arteriosus
What congenital heart defect is caused by the opening between the aortic and pulmonary arteries failing to close?
What condition involves wide spread clotting, followed by extensive hemorrhaging?
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Acyanotic congenital heart conditions cause left-to-right shunting
True
Which type of anemia causes neurologic symptoms such as tingling in extremities, loss of vibratory sense, and numbness?
Vitamin B12 deficiency (pernicious) anemia
Manifestations of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) include all of the following except
Atrophic glossitis
Tetralogy of Fallot?
Is is an acyanotic heart defect
CAD is often caused by what condition?
Atherosclerosis
coagulation disorder involves a deficiency in clotting factor 8?
Hemophilia A
A carrier of an autosomal recessive gene (Mm) and a healthy person have children (MM). What percentage will be carriers?
50%
A patient with a DVT develops sharp chest pain, shortness of air, and a rapid pulse? What complication is most likely
Pulmonary embolism
You are assessing a patient whose legs have hyperpigmentation, thickened skin, and edema. What is likely causing this?
Chronic venous insufficiency
You are caring for a newborn that cannot convert phenylamine to tyrosine. What disorder does the newborn have?
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
The most dangerous manifestations of Marfan’s syndrome are leaky heart valves and weakened vessel walls.
True
phenotype?
Observable traits and characteristics
Two patients have the same disorder but display two different phenotypes. What is this gene characteristic called?
Expressivity
What causes development of tumors in patients with neurofibromatosis?
Genetic defect of tumor suppressor gene
A symptom of right-sided heart failure?
Jugular vein distention
A characteristic of left-sided heart failure
Increased Preload
What type of angina is short term, reversible, and can many times be relieved with rest
Stable
You are caring for a patient with unstable angina. Chest pain with this type of angina is:
Not related to activity
Ischemia to the heart muscle that is not relieved after 20 minutes results in irreversible muscle cell death.
True
Cardiac tamponade is compression of the heart caused by pericardial effusion (build up of fluid in the pericardial sac).
True
In which cardiomyopathy is the LV unable to fully relax between contractions, resulting in less blood being ejected?
Hypertrophic
patient experiences an acute myocardial infarction. Which statement best describes what has occurred?
Death of myocardial cells
What is Cor Pulmonale?
Right sided heart failure
You are caring for a patient with heart failure that is having dyspnea and coughing. What type of heart failure is this?
Left sided
