Exam 2 Flashcards
Antihistamine Adverse Effects
CV: hypotension, palpitations, syncope
CNS: sedation, dizziness, muscular weakness, restlessness, seizures
GI: GI upset
Other: dry mouth, urinary retention, tinnitus, headache
Loratadine (Claritin) (B)
-Antihistamine
-Indications: allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) (B)
-Antihistamine
-Indications: allergic disorders, motion sickness, nighttime insomnia
Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
-Antihistamine
-Indications: allergies
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
-Antihistamine
-Indications: seasonal allergic rhinitis
Oral Decongestants
-prolonged effect but delayed onset
-Less potent than topical
-No rebound congestion
Topical Nasal Decongestants
-Prompt onset
-Potent
-Sustained use can lead to rebound decongestion
Antitussives
Used to stop the cough reflex when the cough is nonproductive or harmful
Expectorants
Drugs that aid in the expectoration (removal) of mucus, reduce viscosity of secretions, disintegrate and thin secretions
Oxymetolazine (Afrin) (C)
-Decongestant
-Indications: nasal congestion
-Adverse Effects: nervousness, insomnia, palpitations, tremor
Guaifenesin (Mucinex) (C)
-Expectorant
-Indications: respiratory congestion, cough
-Adverse Effects: N/V, GI irritation
Tessalon Perles
-Antitussive
Robitussin
-Antitussive
Vicks
-Antitussive
Antitussive Adverse Effects
-Dizziness
-Headache
-Sedation
-Nausea
-Constipation
What do steroids end in?
“ONE”
Beclomethasone (Beconase)
-Steroid
Fluticasone (Flonase)
-Steroid
Triamcinolone (Nasacort)
-Steroid
Steroid Indications
-Prevent nasal congestion in pts with chronic URI
-Acute/chronic allergic rhinitis
Steroid Adverse Effects
-nervousness
-insomnia
-palpitations
-mucosal irritation and dryness
What do antibiotics end in?
“CIN”
What do antifungals end in?
“ZOLE”
What do antivirals end in?
“VIR”
Bacitracin
-Antibacterial
-Treat or prevent local skin infections
-Minimal adverse reactions: skin rash, itching, burning, inflammation
Neosporin
-Neosporin cream and ointment
-Topical antiseptic for MINOR skin wounds
Mupirocin (Bactroban)
-Antibacterial
-Used topically for Staphylococcus and Streptococcus impetigo
-Intranasally for MRSA
Silver Sulfadiazine (Silvadene)
-Topical anti-infective
-Used to prevent or treat infection at the site of 2nd and 3rd degree burns
-Adverse effects: pain, burning, itching
Benzoyl Peroxide
-Antiacne
-Adverse reactions: peeling skin, redness, warmth
-Improvement in 4-6 weeks
Clindamycin (Celocin T)
-Antibiotic that treats acne topically
-Adverse reactions: usually limited to minor local skin reactions
Isotretinoin (X)
-Antiacne (severe resistant cystic acne)
-Adverse reactions: skin photosensitivity, musculoskeletal pain, pharyngitis
-Women should be put on TWO forms of bc with this drug
-Monitor for suicidal ideation and depression
Tretinoin
-Antiacne or sundamage
-Adverse reactions: excessively red skin, crusted skin, peeling, edematous blisters, temporary alteration in pigmentation
Clotrimazole
-Antifungal
-Lozenge for thrush, vaginal suppository for yeast
-No adverse effects
Miconazole (Monistat)
-Antifungal
-Adverse Effects: vulvovaginal burning and itching, pelvic cramps, rash, urticaria, stinging
Acyclovir (Zovirax) and Penciclovir (Denavir)
-Topical Antiviral
-Treat initial and recurrent herpes simplex 1 and 2, HPV
-Adverse Effects: stinging, itching, rash
Minoxidil (Rogaine)
-Topical hair growth
-Adverse Effects: photosensitivity
Finasteride (Propecia) (X)
-Topical systemic hair growth drug
-Adverse Effects: photosensitivity
Isopropyl Alcohol
-Skin preparation
-Effective Against: bacteria, fungi, virus
-Adverse Effects: skin drying
Chlorhexidine (Hibiclens)
-Skin preparation
-Effective Against: bacteria, fungi
-Adverse Effects: CNS toxicity in neonates and burn pts
Povidone-Iodine (Betadine)
-Skin preparation
-Effective Against: bacteria, fungi, virus
-Adverse Effects: skin staining, irritation/pain at wound sites
Benzalkonium Chloride (Zephrian)
-Skin preparation
-Effective Against: bacteria, fungi
-Adverse Effects: chemical burns if left in contact with skin for too long
Latanoprost
-Prostaglandin
-Treat open-angle glaucoma
Travoprost
-Prostaglandin
-Treat open-angle glaucoma
Bimatoprost
-Prostaglandin
-Treat open-angle glaucoma
Prostaglandin Adverse Effects
-increased length and thickness of eyelashes
-Darkening iris
-Sensation of something in eye
-Systemic absorption: respiratory infection, flu, angina, joint pain
What do prostaglandins end in?
“PROST”
What do beta blockers end in?
“LOL”
What do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors end in?
“ZOLAMIDE”
Betaxolol
-Beta blocker
-Treat open-angle glaucoma
Timolol
-Beta-blocker
-Treat open-angle glaucoma
Beta-adrenergic Blockers Adverse Effects
-Local burning/stinging
-Blurred vision
-Headache
-Systemic absorption: angina, anxiety, bronchoconstriction, hypertension
Acetazolamide
-Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
-Quickly lowers IOP; emergency med for acute closed-angle glaucoma
Methazolamide
-Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
-Quickly lowers IOP; emergency med for acute closed-angle glaucoma
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor Adverse Effects:
-Diuresis
-Electrolyte imbalance
-Blood dyscrasias
-Flaccid paralysis
-Hepatic impairment
Mannitol (IV)
-Diuretic
-Rapid progression of closed-angle glaucoma to prevent blindness
Isosorbide (PO)
-Diuretic
-Rapid progression of closed-angle glaucoma to prevent blindness
Osmotic Diuretic Adverse Effects:
-headache
-N/V
-edema
-electrolyte imbalance
Mydriatics
Drugs used to dilate the pupil to allow better visualization
Cycloplegics
Cause both dilation and relaxation of ciliary muscle
Artificial Tears
-OTC
-provide lubrication/moisture to dry and irritated eyes
Lifitegrast (Xiidra)
-OTC
-newest agent for dry eyes
Cortisoprin Otic
-Antibiotic for ear infection
-Adverse Effects: severe burning or irritation after administration
Ciprodex
-Antibiotic for ear infection
-Adverse Effects: changes in taste
Ofloxacin
-Antibiotic for ear infection
-Adverse Effects: seizures, lightheadedness, hallucinations
Cortic and Acetasol HC
-Antifungals for ear infection
-Adverse Effects: stinging, itching, irritation, burning
Carbamide Peroxide (Debrox)
-Earwax emulsifier
-Combined with other drugs to loosen and help remove ear wax
Albuterol (Ventolin, ProAir)
-SABA
-Most commonly used
Levalbuterol (Xopenex)
-SABA
Terbutaline (Brethine)
-SABA
Metaproterenol (Alupent)
-SABA
Short-Acting Beta Adrenergic-Agonists Adverse Effects
-SABAS are used as rescue for acute episodes
-insomnia, restlessness, anorexia, cardiac stimulation, hyperglycemia, tremor and vascular headache
Long-Acting Beta-Adrenergic Agonists Adverse Effects
-hypertension OR hypotension
-Vascular headaches
-Tremor
Arformoterol (Brovana)
-LABA
Formoterol (Foradil, Perforomist)
-LABA
Salmeterol (Serevent)
-LABA
Vilanterol
-LABA
Anticholinergics Use
Indirectly cause airway relaxation and dilation; help reduce secretions in COPD pts
Ipratropium (Atrovent)
-Anticholinergic
-Most commonly used
Tiotropium (Spirivia)
-Anticholinergics
Aclidinium (Tudorza)
-Anticholinergic
Anticholinergic Adverse Effects
-Dry mouth/throat
-Nasal congestion
-Heart palpitations
-GI distress
-Headache
-Coughing
-Anxiety
Xanthine Derivatives Use
-Dilation of airways in asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema
-NOT management of acute asthma attack
Theophylline
-Xanthine derivatives
-Most commonly used xanthine derivative
-Oral, rectal, topical form
Aminophylline
-Xanthine derivatives
-Injectable (IV) form of Theophylline
-Pts with status asthamaticus who have no responded to fast-acting beta agonists such as epinephrine
Xanthine Derivative Adverse Effects
-N/V, anorexia
-Reflux during sleep
-Sinus tachycardia, palpitations, ventricular dysrhythmias
-Transient increased urination
-Hyperglycemia
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (LTRAs)
-Prevent smooth muscle contraction of the bronchial airways
-Decreased mucus secretion
-Prevent vascular permeability and inflammation in lungs
Montelukast (Singulair)
-Non-bronchodilating
-Adverse Effects: headache, nausea, diarrhea
Zafirlukast (Accolate)
-Non bronchodilating
-Adverse Effects: headache, nausea, diarrhea
Zileuton (Zyflo)
-Non bronchodilating
-Adverse Effects: headache, nausea, dizziness, insomnia
Corticosteroids
-Antiinflammatory properties
-Used for chronic asthma
-May take several weeks before full effects seen
Fluticasone Propionate (Flovent)
-Corticosteroids
-Inhaled
-Used for asthma, seasonal allergies
-Adverse Effects: pharyngeal irritation, coughing, dry mouth, oral fungal infection
Methylprednisolone )Solu-Medrol)
-Corticosteroid
-IV
-Used for exacerbations of asthma or COPD
-Adverse Effects: dizziness, headache, blurred vision, diarrhea
Roflumilast (Daliresp)
-Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitor
-Indicated to prevent coughing and excess mucus from worsening and to decrease the frequency of COPD exacerbations
-Adverse Effects: nausea, diarrhea, headache, insomnia, dizziness, weight loss, psychiatric symptoms