Exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Antihistamine Adverse Effects
A
CV: hypotension, palpitations, syncope
CNS: sedation, dizziness, muscular weakness, restlessness, seizures
GI: GI upset
Other: dry mouth, urinary retention, tinnitus, headache
2
Q
Loratadine (Claritin) (B)
A
-Antihistamine
-Indications: allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria
3
Q
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) (B)
A
-Antihistamine
-Indications: allergic disorders, motion sickness, nighttime insomnia
4
Q
Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
A
-Antihistamine
-Indications: allergies
5
Q
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
A
-Antihistamine
-Indications: seasonal allergic rhinitis
6
Q
Oral Decongestants
A
-prolonged effect but delayed onset
-Less potent than topical
-No rebound congestion
7
Q
Topical Nasal Decongestants
A
-Prompt onset
-Potent
-Sustained use can lead to rebound decongestion
8
Q
Antitussives
A
Used to stop the cough reflex when the cough is nonproductive or harmful
9
Q
Expectorants
A
Drugs that aid in the expectoration (removal) of mucus, reduce viscosity of secretions, disintegrate and thin secretions
10
Q
Oxymetolazine (Afrin) (C)
A
-Decongestant
-Indications: nasal congestion
-Adverse Effects: nervousness, insomnia, palpitations, tremor
11
Q
Guaifenesin (Mucinex) (C)
A
-Expectorant
-Indications: respiratory congestion, cough
-Adverse Effects: N/V, GI irritation
12
Q
Tessalon Perles
A
-Antitussive
13
Q
Robitussin
A
-Antitussive
14
Q
Vicks
A
-Antitussive
15
Q
Antitussive Adverse Effects
A
-Dizziness
-Headache
-Sedation
-Nausea
-Constipation
16
Q
What do steroids end in?
A
“ONE”
17
Q
Beclomethasone (Beconase)
A
-Steroid
18
Q
Fluticasone (Flonase)
A
-Steroid
19
Q
Triamcinolone (Nasacort)
A
-Steroid
20
Q
Steroid Indications
A
-Prevent nasal congestion in pts with chronic URI
-Acute/chronic allergic rhinitis
21
Q
Steroid Adverse Effects
A
-nervousness
-insomnia
-palpitations
-mucosal irritation and dryness
22
Q
What do antibiotics end in?
A
“CIN”
23
Q
What do antifungals end in?
A
“ZOLE”
24
Q
What do antivirals end in?
A
“VIR”
25
Bacitracin
-Antibacterial
-Treat or prevent local skin infections
-Minimal adverse reactions: skin rash, itching, burning, inflammation
26
Neosporin
-Neosporin cream and ointment
-Topical antiseptic for MINOR skin wounds
27
Mupirocin (Bactroban)
-Antibacterial
-Used topically for Staphylococcus and Streptococcus impetigo
-Intranasally for MRSA
28
Silver Sulfadiazine (Silvadene)
-Topical anti-infective
-Used to prevent or treat infection at the site of 2nd and 3rd degree burns
-Adverse effects: pain, burning, itching
29
Benzoyl Peroxide
-Antiacne
-Adverse reactions: peeling skin, redness, warmth
-Improvement in 4-6 weeks
30
Clindamycin (Celocin T)
-Antibiotic that treats acne topically
-Adverse reactions: usually limited to minor local skin reactions
31
Isotretinoin (X)
-Antiacne (severe resistant cystic acne)
-Adverse reactions: skin photosensitivity, musculoskeletal pain, pharyngitis
-Women should be put on TWO forms of bc with this drug
-Monitor for suicidal ideation and depression
32
Tretinoin
-Antiacne or sundamage
-Adverse reactions: excessively red skin, crusted skin, peeling, edematous blisters, temporary alteration in pigmentation
33
Clotrimazole
-Antifungal
-Lozenge for thrush, vaginal suppository for yeast
-No adverse effects
34
Miconazole (Monistat)
-Antifungal
-Adverse Effects: vulvovaginal burning and itching, pelvic cramps, rash, urticaria, stinging
35
Acyclovir (Zovirax) and Penciclovir (Denavir)
-Topical Antiviral
-Treat initial and recurrent herpes simplex 1 and 2, HPV
-Adverse Effects: stinging, itching, rash
36
Minoxidil (Rogaine)
-Topical hair growth
-Adverse Effects: photosensitivity
37
Finasteride (Propecia) (X)
-Topical systemic hair growth drug
-Adverse Effects: photosensitivity
38
Isopropyl Alcohol
-Skin preparation
-Effective Against: bacteria, fungi, virus
-Adverse Effects: skin drying
39
Chlorhexidine (Hibiclens)
-Skin preparation
-Effective Against: bacteria, fungi
-Adverse Effects: CNS toxicity in neonates and burn pts
40
Povidone-Iodine (Betadine)
-Skin preparation
-Effective Against: bacteria, fungi, virus
-Adverse Effects: skin staining, irritation/pain at wound sites
41
Benzalkonium Chloride (Zephrian)
-Skin preparation
-Effective Against: bacteria, fungi
-Adverse Effects: chemical burns if left in contact with skin for too long
42
Latanoprost
-Prostaglandin
-Treat open-angle glaucoma
43
Travoprost
-Prostaglandin
-Treat open-angle glaucoma
44
Bimatoprost
-Prostaglandin
-Treat open-angle glaucoma
45
Prostaglandin Adverse Effects
-increased length and thickness of eyelashes
-Darkening iris
-Sensation of something in eye
-Systemic absorption: respiratory infection, flu, angina, joint pain
46
What do prostaglandins end in?
"PROST"
47
What do beta blockers end in?
"LOL"
48
What do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors end in?
"ZOLAMIDE"
49
Betaxolol
-Beta blocker
-Treat open-angle glaucoma
50
Timolol
-Beta-blocker
-Treat open-angle glaucoma
51
Beta-adrenergic Blockers Adverse Effects
-Local burning/stinging
-Blurred vision
-Headache
-Systemic absorption: angina, anxiety, bronchoconstriction, hypertension
52
Acetazolamide
-Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
-Quickly lowers IOP; emergency med for acute closed-angle glaucoma
53
Methazolamide
-Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
-Quickly lowers IOP; emergency med for acute closed-angle glaucoma
54
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor Adverse Effects:
-Diuresis
-Electrolyte imbalance
-Blood dyscrasias
-Flaccid paralysis
-Hepatic impairment
55
Mannitol (IV)
-Diuretic
-Rapid progression of closed-angle glaucoma to prevent blindness
56
Isosorbide (PO)
-Diuretic
-Rapid progression of closed-angle glaucoma to prevent blindness
57
Osmotic Diuretic Adverse Effects:
-headache
-N/V
-edema
-electrolyte imbalance
58
Mydriatics
Drugs used to dilate the pupil to allow better visualization
59
Cycloplegics
Cause both dilation and relaxation of ciliary muscle
60
Artificial Tears
-OTC
-provide lubrication/moisture to dry and irritated eyes
61
Lifitegrast (Xiidra)
-OTC
-newest agent for dry eyes
62
Cortisoprin Otic
-Antibiotic for ear infection
-Adverse Effects: severe burning or irritation after administration
63
Ciprodex
-Antibiotic for ear infection
-Adverse Effects: changes in taste
64
Ofloxacin
-Antibiotic for ear infection
-Adverse Effects: seizures, lightheadedness, hallucinations
65
Cortic and Acetasol HC
-Antifungals for ear infection
-Adverse Effects: stinging, itching, irritation, burning
66
Carbamide Peroxide (Debrox)
-Earwax emulsifier
-Combined with other drugs to loosen and help remove ear wax
67
Albuterol (Ventolin, ProAir)
-SABA
-Most commonly used
68
Levalbuterol (Xopenex)
-SABA
69
Terbutaline (Brethine)
-SABA
70
Metaproterenol (Alupent)
-SABA
71
Short-Acting Beta Adrenergic-Agonists Adverse Effects
-SABAS are used as rescue for acute episodes
-insomnia, restlessness, anorexia, cardiac stimulation, hyperglycemia, tremor and vascular headache
72
Long-Acting Beta-Adrenergic Agonists Adverse Effects
-hypertension OR hypotension
-Vascular headaches
-Tremor
73
Arformoterol (Brovana)
-LABA
74
Formoterol (Foradil, Perforomist)
-LABA
75
Salmeterol (Serevent)
-LABA
76
Vilanterol
-LABA
77
Anticholinergics Use
Indirectly cause airway relaxation and dilation; help reduce secretions in COPD pts
78
Ipratropium (Atrovent)
-Anticholinergic
-Most commonly used
79
Tiotropium (Spirivia)
-Anticholinergics
80
Aclidinium (Tudorza)
-Anticholinergic
81
Anticholinergic Adverse Effects
-Dry mouth/throat
-Nasal congestion
-Heart palpitations
-GI distress
-Headache
-Coughing
-Anxiety
82
Xanthine Derivatives Use
-Dilation of airways in asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema
-NOT management of acute asthma attack
83
Theophylline
-Xanthine derivatives
-Most commonly used xanthine derivative
-Oral, rectal, topical form
84
Aminophylline
-Xanthine derivatives
-Injectable (IV) form of Theophylline
-Pts with status asthamaticus who have no responded to fast-acting beta agonists such as epinephrine
85
Xanthine Derivative Adverse Effects
-N/V, anorexia
-Reflux during sleep
-Sinus tachycardia, palpitations, ventricular dysrhythmias
-Transient increased urination
-Hyperglycemia
86
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (LTRAs)
-Prevent smooth muscle contraction of the bronchial airways
-Decreased mucus secretion
-Prevent vascular permeability and inflammation in lungs
87
Montelukast (Singulair)
-Non-bronchodilating
-Adverse Effects: headache, nausea, diarrhea
88
Zafirlukast (Accolate)
-Non bronchodilating
-Adverse Effects: headache, nausea, diarrhea
89
Zileuton (Zyflo)
-Non bronchodilating
-Adverse Effects: headache, nausea, dizziness, insomnia
90
Corticosteroids
-Antiinflammatory properties
-Used for chronic asthma
-May take several weeks before full effects seen
91
Fluticasone Propionate (Flovent)
-Corticosteroids
-Inhaled
-Used for asthma, seasonal allergies
-Adverse Effects: pharyngeal irritation, coughing, dry mouth, oral fungal infection
92
Methylprednisolone )Solu-Medrol)
-Corticosteroid
-IV
-Used for exacerbations of asthma or COPD
-Adverse Effects: dizziness, headache, blurred vision, diarrhea
93
Roflumilast (Daliresp)
-Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitor
-Indicated to prevent coughing and excess mucus from worsening and to decrease the frequency of COPD exacerbations
-Adverse Effects: nausea, diarrhea, headache, insomnia, dizziness, weight loss, psychiatric symptoms
