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Mental Health > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Alarm stage

A

Fight or flight response to the stressor
Initial, brief
Intense and can’t be tolerated for long periods of time

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2
Q

Resistance stage

A

Aka adaptation stage
Occurs if threat continues
Sustained and optimal resistance to stressor occurs

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3
Q

Exhaustion stage

A

Occurs when attempts to resist stressor fail
Resources depleted and stress becomes chronic
Leads to anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, heart disease and wt gain

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4
Q

Eustress

A

GOOD stress
Feelings of happiness, hopefulness, and purposeful movement
Ex. Vacation, birth of baby, marriage

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5
Q

Physiological stressors

A

Environmental conditions
Ex. Trauma, heat/cold, infection, hemorrhage, pain, hunger

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6
Q

Psychological stressor

A

Can be positive or negative
Ex. Marriage, divorce, unemployment, retirement, terrorist attack

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7
Q

Things that can affect a persons perspective

A

Age
Gender
History
Culture

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8
Q

Biofeedback

A

Visual or auditory feedback to gain control over involuntary bodily functions

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9
Q

Guided imagery

A

Focusing on pleasant images to replace negative or stressful feelings

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10
Q

Cognitive reframing

A

Changes an individuals perception of stress by reassessing a situation and replacing irrational beliefs

From “I’ll never” to “I should have”

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11
Q

Effects of stress on the body

A

HA
Anxiety
Depression
Backaches
Insomnia
ED
Decreased libido
Increased/decreased appetite
Increased BP, HR and BS

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12
Q

Crisis

A

Event that may lead to unstable and dangerous situation affecting an individual, group or society

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13
Q

Crisis intervention

A

A directive, time limited, and goal directed strategy designed to assist those experiencing a crisis

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14
Q

Perception of threat

A

Persons coping abilities
Perspective, culture and past experiences can affect this

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15
Q

Maladaptive coping mechanisms

A

Drinking, smoking, drugs

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16
Q

Maturational crisis

A

Each stage in eriksons stages represents an internal conflict or crisis

Ex. Marriage, birth of child, retirement

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17
Q

Situational crisis

A

Unanticipated external event/life event
Ex. Divorce, death, loss of job, financial status change, or pregnancy

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18
Q

Adventitious crisis

A

Not part of everyday life - caused by nature or human made/ disaster
Ex. Terrorist attack, hurricane, flood, school shooting, SIDS, rape, fire

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19
Q

Perception of precipitating event

A

Can they identify the event?
What brought them in for treatment?
How did it affect them?

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20
Q

Support system

A

Do they have friends, family or community resources for help?

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21
Q

Primary care

A

Prevents crisis
Identify potential problems
Teach coping skills
Problem solving strategies

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22
Q

Secondary care

A

Stabilize, lessen time frame of mental disability
Establish interventions
identify crisis and get help
Occurs in institution

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23
Q

Tertiary care

A

Provides long term support for experiencing a crisis
Promote optimal functioning levels and prevent further disruptions emotionally

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24
Q

Mild anxiety signs

A

Irritability
Slight discomfort
Restlessness
Nail biting
Finger or foot tapping
Fidgeting

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25
Q

Moderate anxiety signs

A

Ability to think is hindered - selective in attention
Increased HR, BP, respiration
GI upset
HA
Voice tremors and shaking

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26
Q

Severe anxiety signs

A

HA
Nausea
Insomnia
Dizziness
Trembling
Hyperventilation
Impending doom of dread

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27
Q

Panic signs

A

Lose touch with reality - inability to process what is happening
Hallucinations
Pacing
Shouting
Running or screaming
Withdrawal

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28
Q

Sublimation

A

Always healthy and is an unconscious process of transforming negative impulses into less damaging and even productive impulses

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29
Q

Altruism

A

Adaptive or maladaptive
Unconscious motivation to feel caring and concern for others and act for the well being of others

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30
Q

Compensation

A

Used to counterbalance perceived deficiencies by emphasizing strengths

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31
Q

Denial

A

Involves escaping unpleasant, anxiety causing thoughts, feelings, wishes, or needs by ignoring their existence

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32
Q

Identification

A

Consciously or unconsciously Attributing to oneself the characteristics of another person or group

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33
Q

Projection

A

Refers to the unconscious rejection of emotionally unacceptable features attributing them to others

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34
Q

Rationalization

A

Consists of justifying illogical or unreasonable ideas, actions, or feelings by developing acceptable explanations that satisfy the teller and the listener

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35
Q

Suppression

A

Conscious decision to delay addressing a disturbing situation or feeling

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36
Q

Separation anxiety

A

Concern with being away from significant other
Physical symptoms: GI upset, HA

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37
Q

Environmental stressors that can bring separation anxiety

A

Death
Separation
Immigration
Physical/ sexual abuse

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38
Q

Acrophobia

A

Fear of heights

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39
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Fear of open spaces

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40
Q

Claustrophobia

A

Fear of closed spaces

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41
Q

Social anxiety disorder

A

Anxiety or fear provoked by exposure to social or performance situation that could be evaluated negatively by others

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42
Q

Social anxiety in Japanese or Korean

A

Beliefs that individuals blushing, eye contact or body odor is offensive

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43
Q

Panic disorder

A

Sudden onset of extreme apprehension or fear with feelings of impending doom that can last for months
Feel they’re losing their minds
Never tell them to calm down

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44
Q

Panic attacks in Latin Americans and Northern Europeans

A

Sensations of choking, smothering, numbness or tingling and fear of dying

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45
Q

GAD

A

Worry excessively which leads to huge amounts of preparing
Putting things off
Sleep disturbance common
Never ask why

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46
Q

Obsessive compulsive disorder

A

Obsessive: intrusive and recurrent thoughts
Compulsive: ritualistic behavior that reduces anxiety r/t obsession
Can occur independently but mostly together

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47
Q

Trichotillomania

A

Pulling hair

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48
Q

Trichophagia

A

Secretly swallowing hair

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49
Q

Excoriation

A

Skin picking
Relieves/decreases anxiety

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50
Q

SSRIs

A

Anxiety- 1st line
Paroxetine, fluoxetine, escitalopram, fluvoxamine, sertraline

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51
Q

SNRI

A

Depression and anxiety
Venlafaxine: Tx of severe anxiety
Duloxetine: Tx of GAD

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52
Q

MAOIs

A

Quick onset, good for panic attacks
Risk for dependence
Paradoxical reactions(opposite reaction)
Side effects: sedation, ataxia, cognitive impairment

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53
Q

Buspirone

A

No dependency risk
Weeks to see effect
No for renal/hepatic dysfunction
SE: HA, dizziness, nausea, nervousness, excitement

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54
Q

Modeling

A

ARNP ONLY
acts as role model to demonstrate appropriate behavior in feared situations and client imitates

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55
Q

Systemic desensitization

A

ARNP only
Gradually introduced to a feared object or experience through a series of steps from the least frightening to the most frightening

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56
Q

Flooding

A

ARNP ONLY
exposes pt to large amounts of undesirable stimulus in effort to extinguish anxiety response

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57
Q

Thought stopping

A

Negative thought or obsession is interrupted

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58
Q

Universality

A

Members realize they’re not alone

59
Q

Altruism

A

Members gain or profit from giving support to others leading to improving self esteem

Ex. I’ll never get over my husband…. I felt that way too

60
Q

Imitative behavior

A

Members may copy the behavior of the leader or peers thus adopting healthier habits

61
Q

Group cohesiveness

A

Arises in a mature group when members feel connected to one another as a whole

Ex. Group develops norms that are non judgemental and accepted

62
Q

Catharsis

A

Genuine expression of feelings that can be interpreted by patient and group

Over expression can be detrimental to group processes

63
Q

Planning phase

A

Group name
Schedule
Objectives of group
Members
Group size
Description of leader and member responsibilities

64
Q

Orientation phase

A

Group forming
Leader structures an environment of respect, true and confidentiality
Provides intro and purpose of group
Members encouraged to provide intros

65
Q

Working phase

A

Working on achieving goals
Conflicts can be expressed
(Storming, norming, and performing)

66
Q

Storming

A

Disagreements
Personality clashes

67
Q

Norming

A

Disagreements and clashes reach a resolution
Cooperation emerges

68
Q

Performing

A

Group established normal roles and focuses on achieving goals

69
Q

Termination phase

A

Each member summarizes personal accomplishments
Share new insights
Identifies future goals

70
Q

Task role

A

Keeps group focused on its main purpose and getting work done

71
Q

Maintenance roles

A

Keep the group together, helps each person feel valuable and included

72
Q

Individual roles

A

Have nothing to do with the group related to personal agenda and personal desires

73
Q

Autocratic

A

Exert control
Do not encourage interaction amongst members

74
Q

Democratic

A

Supports group interaction

75
Q

Laissez-faire

A

Members can act how they choose
No direction in the group

76
Q

Monopolizing group members

A

Speaks at every moment
Lengthy response
Doesn’t allow others to participate

Ask them to limit their responses & time

77
Q

Disruptive group members (demoralizing)

A

Challenges the leader, angry, rude, self centered and lack of empathy or concern for others

78
Q

Silent group members

A

Little to no response
Give them time to respond and process what is going on

79
Q

Delusional disorder

A

False thoughts or beliefs that have lasted 1 month or longer
Doesn’t impair functioning

80
Q

Brief psychotic disorder

A

Sudden onset of at least one of the following: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior

Sx last longer than 1 day but no longer than 1 month

81
Q

Schizophreniform disorder

A

Sx similar to schizophrenia but lasted less than 6 months

82
Q

Schizoaffective disorder

A

Involves major depressive, manic, or mixed episode concurrent with symptoms of schizophrenia

83
Q

Schizophrenia onset occurs when

A

Men: 15-25 yrs
Women: 25-35 yrs

84
Q

Risk factors for schizophrenia

A

GENETICS
increased dopamine
Prenatal, environmental, and psychological stressors

85
Q

Prenatal stressors for schizophrenia

A

Father older than 35
Winter or spring pregnancy

86
Q

Psychological stressor for schizophrenia

A

Moving away from
College
Trauma
Abuse

87
Q

Environmental stressor for schizophrenia

A

Toxins

88
Q

Prodromal phase of schizophrenia

A

“Something strange” or “not right”
Begin to have problems in school/work
May be odd or eccentric
Sx occur 1-12 months before 1st full episode

89
Q

Acute phase of schizophrenia

A

Functional impairment present
May require hospitalization
Can last months even w/ Tx
May experience hallucinations, delusions and be socially withdrawn

90
Q

Stabilization phase of schizophrenia

A

Sx stabilize or diminish
Can last several months
Care in an outpatient mental unit or partial hospitalization

91
Q

Maintenance or residual phase of schizophrenia

A

Condition has stabilized and a new baseline may be established

92
Q

Interventions for psychosis

A

Establish trust and rapport
Safety main concern

93
Q

Anosognosia

A

Pt can’t see disease or that they are sick

94
Q

What to do with pt that is having hallucinations

A

Present reality- what’s real and what’s not
Ask “are they telling you to do something, are they telling you to hurt yourself?”
Say “I don’t hear the voices but it must be scary”

95
Q

What to do with a delusional pt

A

Don’t debate- can’t force them into reality
Validate the parts that are true and help identify triggers

96
Q

Persecutory delusions

A

One is being singled out for harm
Ex. Believing that your food has been poisoned

97
Q

Referential delusions

A

Events/circumstances that have happened are connected to you even when they’re not

Ex. Believing that birds sing to cheer you up

98
Q

Grandiose delusions

A

Believing one is powerful or important person

Ex. Believing you are a superhero

99
Q

Erotomanic delusions

A

Believing that another person desires you romantically

100
Q

Nihilistic delusions

A

Conviction that a major cotastrophe will occur

Ex. Giving things away that won’t be useful because a hurricane is coming

101
Q

Somatic delusions

A

Believing the body is changing in unusual ways

Ex. Your heart is dead and rotting away

102
Q

Control delusions

A

Some outside force controls you

Ex. Aliens control you

103
Q

1st gen antipsychotics

A

For schizophrenia - treats positive Sx only

Haldol
Fluphenazine

104
Q

Side effects of 1st gen antipsychotics

A

Sedation
Orthostatic hypertension
Photosensitivity
Cataracts
Sexual dysfunction
Wt gain

105
Q

Positive symptoms

A

Things that shouldn’t be there

Hallucinations
Delusions
Associative looseness
Bizarre behaviors

106
Q

Dangerous adverse effects of 1st gen antipsychotics

A

Tardive dyskinesia
EPS
Anticholinergic toxicity
Agranulocytosis
NMS
Liver impairment
QT prolongation

107
Q

Acute dystonia

A

Sudden sustained contraction of one or more muscle groups

108
Q

Akathisia

A

Motor restlessness, pacing or inability to sit still

109
Q

2nd gen antipsychotics

A

Treats positive and negative Sx

Clozapine
Risperidone
Olanzapine

110
Q

Side effects of 2nd gen antipsychotics

A

Sedation
Sexual dysfunction
Seizures
DECREASED CHANCES of EPS and tardive dyskinesia
Can cause metabolic syndrome, high BS and insulin resistance

111
Q

Bipolar I

A

Move severe due to mania
Experience at least one manic episode
Keep pt safe and determine last time they ate or slept

112
Q

Bipolar I how they appear

A

Initially- happy, excited, energized, euphoric, don’t sleep or eat

As mania intensifies- psychotic (hallucinations) and have dramatic thoughts

Then become agitated, irritable and exhausted

113
Q

Bipolar II

A

Experience at least one hypo mania and depressive episode

Hypomania leads to euphoria and increased functioning

114
Q

Mania

A

Increased energy/less need for sleep
Euphoric
No aspirations
Spend money
Engage in hazardous activities -pushes limits
May be psychotic
Eventually collapses into depression-suicide risk

115
Q

Hypomania

A

Excessive energy and activity
Psychosis never present
Not severe enough to cause impairment
Big appetite for social interaction
May pursue elaborate get rich quick schemes
Doesn’t usually require hospitalization

116
Q

Cyclotbymic disorder

A

Hypomania with alternating mild to moderate depression

117
Q

Speech patterns in bipolar pts

A

Pressured speech- fast, rapid, inappropriate speech
Circumstantial speech- adding unecessary detail
Tangential speech- speaker wanders and loses focus on subject

118
Q

Thought process in bipolar pts

A

Loose associations
Flight of ideas
Clang association
Grandiose delusions
Persecutory delusions

119
Q

Somatic symptoms

A

Expression of stress through physical symptoms like pain, paralysis and skin rashes

120
Q

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Appear early and are dramatic
Delusions
Reality testing
Associative looseness
Echolalia (repeating words)
Hallucinations
Catatonia
Echopraxia (mimicking movements of another)

121
Q

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

No essential human qualities
Poor hygiene
Anhedonia - unable to feel pressure
Flat, blunted, inappropriate behavior

122
Q

Concrete thinking

A

Interprets things literally

123
Q

Anosogosia

A

Inability to realize they’re ill

124
Q

Lithium level

A

0.6-1.2

125
Q

Signs of lithium toxicity

A

GI upset
Coarse hand tremor
Confusion
Ataxia
Blurred vision
Clonic movements
Convulsions
Oliguria

126
Q

Neologism

A

Made up word

127
Q

Alogia

A

Poverty of speech
Reduced volume or lack of spontaneous comments and overly brief responses

128
Q

Clang association

A

Repetition of words or phrases that are similar in sound but in no other way

129
Q

Echolalia

A

Repetition of words or phrases from another person

130
Q

Pressured speech

A

Speaking as if the words are being forced out quickly

131
Q

Religiosity

A

Excessive preoccupation with religous ideas

132
Q

Tangentiality

A

Digression from one topic to another without ever completing the thought or reaching a conclusion

133
Q

Verbigeration

A

Purposeless repetition of words or phrases

134
Q

Echopraxia

A

Repeating the movements of another person

135
Q

Waxy flexibility

A

Having one’s arms or legs placed in a certain position and holding that same position for hours

136
Q

Circumstantiality

A

Before getting to the point, the client gets caught up with countless details and explanations

137
Q

Confabulation

A

Filling memory gap with detailed fantasy believed by the teller
Purpose is to maintain self-esteem

138
Q

Thought blocking

A

Sudden stop of thought in the middle of a sentence - unable to continue training of thought

139
Q

Monopolizing member

A

Lengthy responses
Speaks anytime they can
Addresses entire group
Doesn’t allow others to participate

140
Q

Demoralizing member

A

Challenges the leader
Angry, rude
Self-centered
Lack empathy or concern for others
Refuse to take personal responsibility

141
Q

ECT

A

Usual course is 6-12 tx every 2-5 days then monthly for maintenance

142
Q

Contraindications of ECT

A

MI
Stroke
Intracranial mass lesions

143
Q

ECT teaching

A

NPO 4 hrs before tx
Hairpins, contact lenses and dentures removed
Seizure lasts 15-70 sec
Wakes up 15 min after procedure

Mental Health (5 decks)

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