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Bio 11B-Final > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q 
Gymnosperms differ from both extinct and extant (living) fems because they
A. are woody.
B. have macrophylls.
C. have pollen.
D. have sporophylls.
E. have spores.
A

C. have pollen.

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2
Q 
Which of the following can be found in gymnosperms?
A. nonfertile flower parts
B. triploid endosperm
C. fruits
D. pollen
E. carpels
A

D. pollen

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3
Q

Which of the following statements is true of monocots?
A. They are currently thought to be polyphyletic.
B. The veins of their leaves form a netlike pattern.
C. They, along with the eudicots, magnoliids, and basal angiosperms, are currently placed in the phylum Anthophyta.
D. Each possesses multiple cotyledons.
E. They are in the clade that includes most of our crops, except the cereal grains.

A

C. They, along with the eudicots, magnoliids, and basal angiosperms, are currently placed in the phylum Anthophyta.

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4
Q

How have fruits contributed to the success of angiosperms?
A. by nourishing the plants that make them
B. by facilitating dispersal of seeds
C. by attracting insects to the pollen inside
D. by producing sperm and eggs inside a protective coat
E. by producing triploid cells via double fertilization

A

B. by facilitating dispersal of seeds

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5
Q 
Which of the following flower parts develops into a seed?
A. ovule
B. ovary
C. fruit
D. stamen
A

A. ovule

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6
Q 
Angiosperms are the most successful terrestrial plants. Which of the following features is unique to them and helps account for their success?
A. wind pollination
B. dominant gametophytes
C. fruits enclosing seeds
D. embryos enclosed within seed coats
A

C. fruits enclosing seeds

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7
Q 
Many mammals have skins and mucous membranes that are sensitive to phenolic secretions of plants like poison oak (R&zs). These secondary compounds are primarily adaptations that
A. prevent desiccation.
B. favor pollination.
C. foster seed dispersal.
D. decrease competition.
E. inhibit herbivory.
A

E. inhibit herbivory.

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8
Q 
A fruit is most commonly
A. a mature ovary.
B. a thickened style.
C. an enlarged ovule.
D. a modified root.
E. a mature female gametophyte.
A

A. a mature ovary.

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9
Q

Which of the following statements is true of archegonia?
A. They are the sites where male gametes are produced.
B. They may temporarily contain sporophyte embryos.
C. They are the same as sporangia.
D. They are the ancestral versions of animal gonads.
E. They are asexual reproductive structures.

A

B. They may temporarily contain sporophyte embryos.

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10
Q 
Which trait(s) is (are) shared by many modem gymnosperns and angiosperms?
1. pollen transported by wind
2. vessel elements
3. microscopic gametophytes
4. sterile sporophylls, modified to attract pollinators
5. true leaves
A. 1 only
B. 1 and 3
C. 1, 2, and 3
D. 1, 3, and 5
E. 2, 4, and 5
A

D. 1, 3, and 5

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11
Q 
Which of the following sex and generation combinations most directly produces the pollen
tube?
A. male gametophyte
B. female gametophyte
C. male sporophyte
D. female sporophyte
A

A. male gametophyte

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12
Q

Which of the following is true concerning flowering plants?
A. The flower includes sporophyte tissue.
B. The gametophyte generation is dominant.
C. The gametophyte generation is what we see when looking at a large plant.
D. The sporophyte generation is not photosynthetic.
E. The sporophyte generation consists of relatively few cells within the flower.

A

A. The flower includes sporophyte tissue.

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13
Q

Which of the following is true of the life cycle of mosses?
A. The haploid generation grows on the sporophyte generation
B. Spores are primarily distributed by water currents.
C. Antheridia and archegonia are produced by gametophytes.
D. The sporophyte generation is dominant.
E. The growing embryo gives rise to the gametophyte.

A

C. Antheridia and archegonia are produced by gametophytes.

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14
Q

In which of the following taxa does the mature sporophyte depend completely on the
gametophyte for nutrition?
A. Pterophyta
B. Bryophyta
C. horsetail (Equisetum)
D. Pterophyta, Bryoph1’ta, and horsetail (Equisetum)
E. Pterophyta and Bryophyta

A

B. Bryophyta

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15
Q 
A tuber is a modified
A. root
B. stem
C. leaf
D. seed
E. flower.
A

B. stem

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16
Q 
Sori can be found in which of the following?
A. mosses
B. liverworts
C. hornworts
D. pterophytes
E. charophytes
A

D. pterophytes

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17
Q

Which of the following is true of seedless vascular plants?
A. Extant seedless vascular plants are larger than the extinct varieties.
B. Whole forests were dominated by large, seedless vascular plants during the Carboniferous period.
C. They produce many spores, which are really the same as seeds.
D. The gametophyte is the dominant generation.
E. Sphagnum is an economically and ecologically important example.

A

B. Whole forests were dominated by large, seedless vascular plants during the Carboniferous period.

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18
Q 
The ovary is most often located or/in the
A. stamen.
B. pistil/carpel.
C. petals.
D. sepals.
E. receptacle.
A

B. pistil/carpel

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19
Q 
Microsporangia in flowering plants are located in the
A. stamen.
B. carpel.
C. petals.
D. sepals.
A

A. stamen.

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20
Q

Which of the following is the correct order of floral organs from the outside to the inside of a complete flower?
A. petals > sepals > stamens > carpels
B. sepals > stamens > petals > carpels
C. spores > gametes > zygote > embryo
D. sepals > petals > stamens > carpels
E. male gametophyte > female gametophyte > sepals > petals

A

D. sepals > petals > stamens > carpels

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21
Q 
A perfect flower is fertile, but may be either complete or incomplete. Which of the following
correctly describes a perfect flower?
A. It has no sepals.
B. It has fused carpels.
C. It is on a dioecious plant.
D. It has no endosperm.
E. It has both stamens and carpels.
A

E. It has both stamens and carpels.

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22
Q

The structure of a mature, functional fruit always includes
A. one or more seeds.
B. extensive vascular connections to the parent plant.
C. fleshy cells rich in sugars.
D. brightly colored pigments to attract animal dispersers.
E. subtending bracts to protect against predators.

A

A. one or more seeds.

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23
Q 
Which of the following "vegetables" is botanically a fruit?
A. potato
B. lettuce
C. radish
D. celery
E. tomato
A

E. tomato

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24
Q

A difference you would expect between early and late wood is
A. early wood is MORE likely to form heartwood than late wood.
B. early wood has diffuse phloem, late wood does not.
C. late wood has large vessels, early wood has smaller vessels
D. early wood has large vessels, late wood has smaller vessels.
E. there is no difference

A

D. early wood has large vessels, late wood has smaller vessels.

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25
Q

Which of the following is an advantage of sexual reproduction as opposed to asexual reproduction?
A. increased genetic variation in progeny
B. enhanced mitosis
C. more stable populations
D. rapid increases in population due to high seed production
E. higher reproductive success

A

A. increased genetic variation in progeny

26
Q

One disadvantage of monoculture is that
A. the whole crop ripens at the same time.
B. genetic uniformity makes a crop more vulnerable to a new pest or disease.
C. it predominantly uses vegetative propagation.
D. most grain crops self-pollinate.
E. it allows for the cultivation of large areas of land.

A

B. genetic uniformity makes a crop more vulnerable to a new pest or disease.

27
Q

Evidence indicates that plants increase the number of stomata in their leaves as atmospheric CO2, levels decline. Increasing the number of stomata per unit surface area should have the effect
of doing which of the following?
1. increasing dehydration of leaf tissues
2. decreasing dehydration of leaf tissues
3. countering the effect of declining CO2 on photosynthesis
4. reinforcing the effect of declining CO2 on photosynthesis
5. decreasing the 02 content of air next to the leaves lower than it would otherwise be
6. increasing the 02 content of air next to the leaves higher than it would otherwise be
A. 1, 3, and 5
B. 1, 3, and 6
C. 1, 4, and 5
D. 2, 3, and 6
E. 2, 4, and 5

A

B. 1, 3, and 6

28
Q 
The group of plants most noted as being able to fix atmospheric nitrogen are the
A. the ferns
B. the mosses
C. the legumes
D. the conifers
E. the oaks
A

C. the legumes

29
Q

Which of the following is the correct sequence during the alternation of generations life cycle
in a flowering plant?
A. sporophyte > meiosis > gametophyte > gametes > fertilization > diploid zygote
B. sporophyte > mitosis > gametophyte > meiosis > sporophyte
C. haploid gametophyte > gametes > meiosis > fertilization > diploid sporophyte
D. sporophyte > spores > meiosis > gametophyte > gametes
E. haploid sporophyte > spores > fertilization > diploid gametophyte

A

A. sporophyte > meiosis > gametophyte > gametes > fertilization > diploid zygote

30
Q 
For many pine trees, it takes _ years for the female cone to fully develop.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 7
A

C. 3

31
Q

The female cone is called a
A. microstrobolus
B. megastrobolus

A

B. megastrobolus

32
Q 
A small flower with green petals is most likely
A. bee-pollinated.
B. bird-pollinated.
C. bat-pollinated.
D. wind-pollinated.
E. moth-pollinated.
A

D. wind-pollinated.

33
Q

Choose the option that best describes the relationship between the cell wall thickness of
parenchyma cells versus sclerenchyma cells.
A. The cell walls of parenchyma cells are thinner than those of sclerenchyma cells.
B. The cell walls of parenchyma cells are thicker than those of sclerenchyma cells.
C. The cell walls of both types of cells are roughly equal.
D. The thickness of the cell walls for both types of cells is too variable for a comparison to be made.

A

A. The cell walls of parenchyma cells are thinner than those of sclerenchyma cells.

34
Q 
which of the following types of plants are incapable of self-pollination?
A. dioecious
B. monoecious
C. complete
D. wind-pollinated
E. insect-pollinated
A

A. dioecious

35
Q 
Which of the following is the male gametophyte of a flowering plant?
A. ovule
B. microsporocyte
C. pollen grain
D. embryo sac
E. stamen
A

C. pollen grain

36
Q

What is the difference between pollination and fertilization in flowering plants?
A. Fertilization precedes pollination
B. Pollination easily occurs between plants of different species, whereas fertilization is
within a species.
C. Pollen is formed within megasporangia so that male and female gametes are near each other.
D. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma. Fertilization is the fusion of haploid nuclei.
E. If fertilization occurs, pollination is unnecessary

A

D. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma. Fertilization is the fusion of haploid nuclei.

37
Q

Which part of a plant absorbs most of the water and minerals taken up from the soil?
A. taproots
B. root hairs
C. the thick parts of the roots near the base of the stem
D. storage roots
E. sections of the root that have secondary xylem

A

B. root hairs

38
Q 
_ is to xylem as _ is to phloem.
A. Sclerenchyma cell; collenchyma cell
B. Apical meristem; vascular cambium
C. Vessel element; sieve-tube element
D. Cortex; pith
E. Vascular cambium: cork cambium
A

C. Vessel element; sieve-tube element

39
Q 
Which of the following cells transport sugars over long distances?
A. parenchyma cells
B. collenchyma cells
C. sclerenchyma cells
D. tracheids and vessel elements
E. sieve-tube elements
A

E. sieve-tube elements

40
Q 
As a youngster, you drive a nail in the trunk of a young tree that is 3 meters tall. The nail is about 1.5 meters from the ground. Fifteen years later, you return and discover that the tree has grown to a height of 30 meters. About how many meters above the ground is the nail?
A. 0.5
B. 1.5
C. 3.0
D. 15.0
E. 28.5
A

B. 1.5

41
Q 
Heartwood and sapwood consist of
A. bark.
B. periderm.
C. secondary xylem.
D. secondary phloem.
E. cork.
A

C. secondary xylem.

42
Q

In a eudicot plant, you would find the xylem (mark all that apply)
A. in the upper portion of the leaf
B. in the lower portion of the leaf
C. associated with the palisade layer
D. associated with the spongy mesophyll layer
E. the xylem is independent of both the surface and the mesophyll layer

A

?

43
Q

One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that
A. only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem.
B. root cells have cell walls and leaf cells do not.
C. a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots.
D. vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves.
E. leaves have epidermal tissue but roots do not.

A

C. a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots.

44
Q 
Which of the following root tissues gives rise to lateral roots?
A. endodermis
B. phloem
C. cortex
D. epidermis
E. pericycle
A

E. pericycle

45
Q 
Pores on the leaf surface that function in gas exchange are called
A. hairs.
B. xylem cells.
C. phloem cells.
D. stomata.
E. sclereids.
A

B. xylem cells.

46
Q

All of the following cell types are correctly matched with their functions except
A. mesophyll-photosynthesis.
B. guard cell-regulation of transpiration.
C. sieve-tube element-translocation.
D. vessel element-water transport.
E. companion cell-formation of secondary xylem and phloem.

A

E. companion cell-formation of secondary xylem and phloem.

47
Q 
A plant has the following characteristics: a taproot system, several growth rings evident in a cross section of the stem, and a layer of bark around the outside. Which of the following best describes the plant?
A- herbaceous eudicot
B. woody eudicot
C. woody monocot
D. herbaceous monocot
E. woody annual
A

B. woody eudicot

48
Q 
What tissue makes up most of the wood of a tree?
A. primary xylem
B. secondary xylem
C. secondary phloem
D. mesophyll cells
E. vascular cambium
A

B. secondary xylem

49
Q 
A monocot stem is represented by (see figure)
A. I only.
B. II only.
C. III only.
D. IV only.
E. both I and III.
A

B. II only.

50
Q 
A plant that is at least 3 years old is represented by (see figure)
A. I only.
B. II only.
C. III only.
D. IV only.
E. both I and III.
A

D. IV only

51
Q 
woody eudicot is represented by
A. I only.
B. II only.
C. III only.
D. IV only.
E. both I and III.
A

D. IV only.

52
Q 
One of the important (and almost unique) digest
A. proteins
B. steroids
C. cellulose
D. mycelium
E. phloem
A

C. cellulose

53
Q 
Immediately after karyogamy occurs, which term applies?
A. plasmogamy
B. heterokaryotic
C. dikaryotic
D. diploid
A

D. diploid

54
Q

Which of the following statements is true of deuteromycetes?
A. They are the second of five fungal phyla to have evolved.
B. They represent the phylum in which all the fungal components of lichens are
classified.
C. They are the group of fungi that have, at present, no known sexual stage.
D. They are the group that includes molds, yeasts, and lichens.
E. They include the imperfect fungi that lack hyphae.

A

C. They are the group of fungi that have, at present, no known sexual stage.

55
Q 
You are given an organism to identify. It has a fruiting body that contains many structures with eight haploid spores lined up in a row. What kind of a fungus is this?
A. zygomycete
B. ascomycete
C. deuteromycete
D. chytrid
E. basidiomycete
A

B. ascomycete

56
Q 
Lichens are symbiotic associations of fungi and
A. mosses.
B. cyanobacteria.
C. green algae.
D. Three of these responses are correct.
E. Two of these responses are correct.
A

E. Two of these responses are correct.

57
Q 
Which of the following conditions is caused by a fungus that is accidentally consumed along with rye flour?
A. ergotism
B. athlete's foot
C. ringworm
D. candidiasis (Candida yeast infection)
E. coccidioidomycosis
A

A. ergotism

58
Q 
What is the most probable location of the oldest portion of this mycelium? (see figure)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
A

C. C

59
Q 
Which location is nearest to basidiocarps? (see figure)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
A

A. A

60
Q 
AA fungi share which of the following characteristics?
A. symbiotic
B. heterotrophic
C. flagellated
D. pathogenic
E. act as decomposers
A

B. heterotrophic

Bio 11B-Final (2 decks)

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