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Bio 11B-Final > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

This test is version C. Please mark “c” on your scantron.

A

c. this one

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2
Q

Which of the following pairs of protists and their characteristics is mismatched?

a. apicomplexans-internal parasites
b. golden algae-planktonic producers
c. euglenozoans-unicellular fl agellates
d. ciliates-red tide organisms
e. entamoebas-ingestive heterotrophs

A

d. ciliates-red tide organisms

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3
Q

Which of the following statements about dinoflagellates is true?

a. They possess two flagella.
b. All known varieties are autotrophic.
c. Their walls are usually composed of silica plates.
d. Many types lack mitochondria.
e. Their dead

A

a. They possess two flagella.

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4
Q

Plastids that are surrounded by more than two membranes are evidence of

a. evolution from mitochondria.
b. fusion of plastids.
c. origin of the plastids from archaea.
d. secondary endosymbiosis.
e. budding of the plastids from the nuclear envelope.

A

d. secondary endosymbiosis.

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5
Q

On the picture on the front screen, what is the name of the part at the pointer?

a. thallus
b. blade
c. stipe
d. holdfast

A

b. blade

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6
Q

Which of the following is most correct?:

a. warm air holds more water than cooler air
b. cooler air holds more water than warm air
c. the soil organisms determine the type of climate in an area
d. the altitude determines the plants

A

a. warm air holds more water than cooler air

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7
Q

Which of the following is the correct order of hierarchy from least to most specific?

a. Kingdom->Family->Class–>Order–>Genus–>Species–>Phylum
b. Kingdom–>Phylum–>Class–>Order–>Family–>Genus–> Species
c. Kingdom–>Class–>Order–>Family->Genus–>Species–>Phylum
d. Kingdom–>Class–>Order–>Family-> Species–>Genus–>Phylum
e. Phylum->Kingdom–>Order–>Family–>Genus–> Species–>Class

A

b. Kingdom–>Phylum–>Class–>Order–>Family–>Genus–> Species

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8
Q

The organisms on the screen, what domain are they found in?

a. Bacteria
b. Archea
c. Eukaryota

A

b. Archea

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9
Q

Foods can be preserved in many ways by slowing or preventing bacterial growth. Which of these methods should be least effective at inhibiting bacterial growth?

a. Refrigeration: slows bacterial metabolism and growth.
b. Closing previously opened containers: prevents more bacteria from entering, and excludes O2.
c. Pickling: creates a pH at which most bacterial enzymes cannot function.
d. Canning in heavy sugar syrup: creates osmotic conditions that remove water from most bacterial cells.
e. Irradiation: kills bacteria by mutating their DNA to such an extent that their DNA-repair enzymes are overwhelmed.

A

b. Closing previously opened containers: prevents more bacteria from entering, and excludes O2.

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10
Q

Which method of classification requires a type specimen?

a. biological species concept
b. evolutionary species concept
c. dialectic materialism concept
d. typological species concept
e. phylogenetic species concept

A

d. typological species concept

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11
Q

All protists are

a. unicellular.
b. eukaryotic.
c. symbionts.
d. monophyletic.
e. mixotrophic.

A

b. eukaryotic.

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12
Q

Biologists have long been aware that the defunct kingdom Protista is polyphyletic. Which of these statements is most consistent with this conclusion?

a. Many species within this kingdom were once classified as monerans.
b. Animals, plants, and fungi arose from different protist ancestors.
c. The eukaryotic condition has evolved more than once among the protists.
d. Chloroplasts among various protists are similar to those found in prokaryotes.
e. Some protists, all animals, and all fungi share a protist conrmon ancestor, but these protists, animals, and fungi are currently assigned to three different kingdoms.

A

e. Some protists, all animals, and all fungi share a protist conrmon ancestor, but these protists, animals, and fungi are currently assigned to three different kingdoms.

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13
Q

Broad-spectrum antibiotics inhibit the growth of most intestinal bacteria. Consequently, assuming that nothing is done to counter the reduction of intestinal bacteria, a hospital patient who is receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics is most likely to become

a. unable to fix carbon dioxide.
b. antibiotic resistant.
c. unable to fix nitrogen.
d. unable to synthesize peptidoglycan.
e. deficient in certain vitamins and nutrients.

A

e. deficient in certain vitamins and nutrients.

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14
Q

Match the relationship with its name.

a. commensalism
b. parasitism
c. mutualism
d. obligate mutualism

One member is harmed, and one is benefited.

A

b. parasitism

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15
Q

Match the relationship with its name.

a. commensalism
b. parasitism
c. mutualism
d. obligate mutualism

Both benefit.

A

c. mutualism

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16
Q

Match the relationship with its name.

a. commensalism
b. parasitism
c. mutualism
d. obligate mutualism

One benefits, and one is neither harmed nor benefitted.

A

a. commensalism

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17
Q

Match the relationship with its name.

a. commensalism
b. parasitism
c. mutualism
d. obligate mutualism

They need each other to survive.

A

d. obligate mutualism

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18
Q

According to the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells, how did mitochondria originate?

a. from infoldings of the plasma membrane, coupled with mutations of genes for proteins in energy-transfer reactions
b. from engulfed, originally free-living proteobacteria
c. by secondary endosymbiosis
d. from the nuclear envelope folding outward and forming mitochondrial membranes
e. when a protoeukaryote engaged in a symbiotic relationship with a protocell

A

b. from engulfed, originally free-living proteobacteria

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19
Q

Which protists are in the same eukaryotic supergroup as land plants?

a. green algae
b. dinoflagellates
c. red algae
d. brown algae
e. both green algae and red algae

A

e. both green algae and red algae

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20
Q

In life cycles with an alternation of generations, multicellular haploid forms alternate with

a. unicellular haploid forms.
b. unicellular diploid forms.
c. multicellular haploid forms.
d. multicellular diploid forms.
e. multicellular polyploid forms.

A

d. multicellular diploid forms.

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21
Q

When considering the archea, which of the following statements best match this group?

a. Some have histones associated with their DNA
b. Peptidoglycan is present in the cell walls
c. Many can live in extreme environments
d. Some genes have introns
e. These use the same amino acid initator as eukaryotes
aa. Since they have not been exposed to many antibiotics, streptomycin is still effective in stopping growth
ab. All are correct
ac. a,b, anc c are correct
ad. All of these are only correct for the true bacteria
bc. a, c, d, and e are correct
bd. b, e, and aaare correct

A

bc. a, c, d, and e are correct

22
Q

Which of the following is correctly described as a primary producer?

a. oomycete
b. kinetoplastid
c. apicomplexan
d. diatom
e. radiolarian

A

d. diatom

23
Q

Which of the following are actual mutualistic partnerships that involve a protist and a host
organism?
a. cellulose-digesting gut protists/wood-eating termites
b. dinofl agellates/reef-building coral animals
c. Trichomonas/humans
d. algae/c ertain foram iniferans
e. all except that involving humans

A

e. all except that involving humans

24
Q

Jams,jellies, preserves, honeyo and other foodstuffs with high sugar content hardly ever become contaminated by bacteria, even when the food containers are left open at room temperature. This is because bacteria that encounter such an environment

a. undergo death by plasmolysis.
b. are unable to metabolize the glucose or fructose, and thus starve to death.
c. experience lysis.
d. are obligate anaerobes.
e. are unable to swim through these thick and viscous materials.

A

a. undergo death by plasmolysis.

25
Q

The typical prokaryotic flagellum features

a. an internal 9 + 2 pattern of microtubules.
b. an external covering provided by the plasma membrane.
c. a complex “motor” embedded in the cell wall and plasma membrane.
d. a basal body that is similar in structure to the cell’s centrioles.
e. a membrane-enclosed organelle with motor proteins.

A

a. an internal 9 + 2 pattern of microtubules.

26
Q

Which statement about the genomes of prokaryotes is correct?

a. Prokaryotic genomes are diploid throughout most of the cell cycle.
b. Prokaryotic chromosomes are sometimes called plasmids.
c. Prokaryotic cells have multiple chromosomes, “packed” with a relatively large amount of protein.
d. The prokaryotic chromosome is not contained within a nucleus but, rather, is found at the nucleolus.
e. Prokaryotic genomes are composed of circular DNA.

A

e. Prokaryotic genomes are composed of circular DNA.

27
Q

Althoughnot present in all bacteria, this cell covering often enables cells that possess it to
resist the defenses of host organisms, especially their phagocytic cells.
a. endospore
b. sex pilus
c. cell wall
d. capsule

A

d. capsule

28
Q

Hypothesis are

a. abstracts of a longer thesis
b. short research papers
c. tentative explanations for something that has been observed
d. experimentally demonstrated facts
e. duplicate setups of experiments

A

c. tentative explanations for something that has been observed

29
Q

A scientist cannot

a. make value judgements like everyone else
b. prove a hypothesis true
c. contribute to a long-standing scientific theory
d. make use of preexisting mathematical data
e. be as objective as possible

A

b. prove a hypothesis true

30
Q

Which method of classification requires that each taxonomic group be monophyletic?

a. archiometric phylogeny
b. evolutionary systematics
c. dialectic materialism
d. cladistics

A

d. cladistics

31
Q

Assuming that each of these possesses a cell wall, which prokaryotes should be expected to be most strongly resistant to plasmolysis in hypertonic environments?

a. extreme halophiles
b. extreme thermophiles
c. methanogens
d. cyanobacteria
e. nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in root nodules

A

a. extreme halophiles

32
Q 
Giardia are found in a clade that have modified mitochondria and no platids. The name of
this clade is
a. Unikonts
b. Rhizaria
c. Excavata
d. Chromalveolates
e. Archaeplastida
A

c. Excavata

33
Q

Which of the following organisms show alternation of generations?

a. diatoms
b. brown algae
c. Plasmodium
d. Amoeba
e. none of the above

A

b. brown algae

34
Q

A large seaweed that floats freely on the surface of deep bodies of water would be expected to lack which of the following?

a. thalli
b. bladders
c. holdfasts
d. gel-forming polysaccharides

A

c. holdfasts

35
Q

The chloroplasts of land plants are thought to have been derived according to which evolutionary sequence?

a. cyanobactelia > green algae > land plants
b. cyanobactelin > green algae > fungi > land plants
c. red algae > brown algae > green algae > land plants
d. cyanobacteria > red algae > green algae > land plants

A

a. cyanobactelia > green algae > land plants

36
Q

In general, what is the primary ecological role of prokaryotes?

a. parasitizing eukaryotes, thus causing diseases
b. breaking down organic matter
c. metabolizing materials in extreme environments
d. adding methane to the atmosphere
e. serving as primary producers in terrestrial environments

A

b. breaking down organic matter

37
Q

Which of the following was derived from an ancestral cyanobacterium?

a. chloroplast
b. mitochondrion
c. hydrogenosome
d. mitosome
e. Two of the responses above are correct.

A

a. chloroplast

38
Q 
Which two genera have members that can evade the human immune system by frequently
changing their surface proteins?
1. Plasmodium
2. Trichomonas
3. Paramecium
4. Trypanosoma
5. Entamoeba
a. 1 and 2
b. 1 and 4
c. 2 and 3
d. 2 and 4
e. 4 and 5
A

d. 2 and 4

39
Q

The chloroplasts of all of the following are thought to be derived from ancestral red algae, except those of

a. golden algae.
b. diatoms.
c. dinoflagellates.
d. green algae.
e. brown algae.

A

d. green algae.

40
Q

A biologist discovers an alga that is marine, multicellular, and lives at a depth reached only by
blue light. This alga probably belongs to which group?
a. red algae
b. brown algae
c. green algae
d. dinoflagellates
e. golden algae

A

a. red algae

41
Q

Prokaryotes’ essential genetic information is located in the

a. nucleolus.
b. nucleoid.
c. nucleosome.
d. plasmids.
e. exospore.

A

b. nucleoid.

42
Q

Regarding prokaryotic genetics, which statement is correct?
a. Crossing over during prophase I introduces some genetic variation.
b. Prokaryotes feature the union of haploid gametes, as do eukaryotes.
c. Prokaryotes exchange some of their genes by conjugation, the union of haploid
gametes, and transduction.
d. Mutation is a primary source of variation in prokaryote populations.
e. Prokaryotes skip sexual life cycles because their life cycle is too short.

A

d. Mutation is a primary source of variation in prokaryote populations.

43
Q

Which of these statements about prokaryotes is correct?
a. Bacterial cells conjugate to mutually exchange genetic material.
b. Their genetic material is confined within vesicles known as plasmids.
c. They divide by binary fission, without mitosis or meiosis.
d. The persistence of bacteria throughout evolutionary time is due to their genetic homogeneity (in other words, sameness).
e. Genetic variation in bacteria is not known to occur. because of their asexual mode of
reproduction.

A

a. Bacterial cells conjugate to mutually exchange genetic material.

44
Q

Some plants , with the help of bacteria are able to “fix” atmospheric nitrogen into a form of
nitrogen that is biologically available to the plants. A large group of these nitrogen fixers are the
a. pines
b. mosses
c. legumes
d. catus
e. cotton

A

c. legumes

45
Q 
Match the numbered terms to the description that follows. Choose all appropriate terms.
1. autotroph
2. heterotroph
3. phototroph
4. chemotroph
A prokaryote that obtains both energy and carbon as it decomposes dead organisms
a. I only
b. 4 only
c. 1 and 3
d. 2 and 4
e.1,3, and 4
A

d. 2 and 4

46
Q

Which statement about the domain Archaea is true?
a. Genetic prospecting has recently revealed the existence of many previously unknown archaean species.
b. No archaeans can reduce CO2 to methane.
c. The genomes of archaeans are unique, containing no genes that originated within
bacteria.
d. No archaeans can inhabit solutions that are nearly 30% salt.
e. No archaeans are adapted to waters with temperatures above the boiling point.

A

a. Genetic prospecting has recently revealed the existence of many previously unknown archaean species.

47
Q

The commensal organisms found in coral are typically

a. Dinoflagellates
b. Amoebas
c. Euglena
d. Cubozoa
e. Hydrozoa

A

a. Dinoflagellates

48
Q

If all prokaryotes on Earth suddenly vanished, which of the following would be the most likely and most direct result?

a. The number of organisms on Earth would decrease by 10 to 20%.
b. Human populations would thrive in the absence of disease.
c. Bacteriophage numbers would dramatically increase.
d. The recycling of nutrients would be greatly reduced, at least initially.
e. There would be no more pathogens on Earth.

A

d. The recycling of nutrients would be greatly reduced, at least initially.

49
Q

Red tides are caused by massive blooms of

a. sporozoans.
b. dinoflagellates.
c. Euglena.
d. ciliates.
e. Plasmodia.

A

b. dinoflagellates.

50
Q

Protozoans in the genus Trypanosoma cause

a. malaria in both humans and birds.
b. amebic dysentery and intestinal ailments.
c. African sleeping sickness and Chagas disease.
d. birth defects if infecting a woman at the appropriate stage of pregnancy.
e. toxoplasmosis, often contracted from cats.

A

c. African sleeping sickness and Chagas disease.

Bio 11B-Final (2 decks)

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