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MUSIC > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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Ultimate Music Theory flashcards
1
Q

What is the name of the new social class that emerges and is sandwiched between the aristocracy and the working class?

A

The Bourgeoisie

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2
Q

In what period was music regarded as a superior form of art?

A

Romantic

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3
Q

Who argued that human beings are not driven by reason but by will?

A

Arthur Schopenhauer

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4
Q

What is the most important aspect of romantic music?

A

The goal is to stimulate feelings and emotions from the listener

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5
Q

What is a character piece?

A

A composition for piano intended for domestic consumption rather than for the concert hall. They are not divided into movements and is usually just one short piece

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5
Q

Who is considered a classical composer but the first Romantic one as well?

A

Beethoven

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6
Q

What 2 things does romantic music favor?

A

Modulation and chromaticism

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7
Q

What is lied?

A

“Art song” in German

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8
Q

What are examples of character pieces and composers?

A

Pieces= Waltz, polonaise, mazurka
Composers= Chopin, Schubert, Schumann

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9
Q

What are piano works for virtuosos?

A

Flashy, difficult works intended for the professional pianist. The most famous composer is Liszt.

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10
Q

What are the 2 main genres of vocal music?

A

Lied and opera

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of French opera?

A

Lavish five-act productions (large casts, “special effects”, constant changes of props, costumes,
full ballets accompanying the singers, etc.)

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12
Q

Who was a major composer of French opera?

A

Bizet

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of Italian opera?

A

Melodramatic (very bloody, tragic plots—to appeal to the Romantic taste for sordid tales). The voice line is what matters: the orchestra typically accompanies, never intruding

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14
Q

Who was a major composer of Italian opera?

A

Verdi

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of German opera?

A

Plots are based on German mythology rather than on
realistic, tragic plots extracted from real life, and tend to be difficult, brainy, and philosophical. The orchestra, not the voice, is the focal
point of German opera. Singers sometimes sound as if they were accompanying the orchestra
and not vice versa

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16
Q

Who was a major composer of German opera?

A

Wagner

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17
Q

Who is regarded as one of the last romantic composers and paved to way to the next generation of avant-garde composers?

A

Wagner

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18
Q

What is the main difference between a classical and a romantic symphony?

A

A romantic symphony must illustrate the composer’s individuality and originality

19
Q

Who invented Program Music?

A

Berlioz

20
Q

What is Program Music?

A

Music with only instruments that tells a story

21
Q

The rise of popular music meant the demise of…

A

Classical music

22
Q

What is eclecticism?

A

Not one common style but many styles coexisting

23
Q

Name one impressionism composer. (French)

A

Claude Debussy

23
Q

What is the first categorization of composers?

A

Conservative and progressive

24
Q

Name one surrealism composer. (French)

A

Erik Satie

25
Q

Name a German composer.

A

Arnold Schonberg

26
Q

Name a Russian composer.

A

Igor Stravinsky

27
Q

Who proposed that any note could be followed by any other note?

A

Schonberg

28
Q

What is atonalism?

A

Music that doesn’t follow any rules

29
Q

Schonberg invented a technique of composition called serialism, what is this?

A

12-note music

30
Q

What is total serialism?

A

Serializing all basic elements of music (rhythm, dynamics, timbre)

31
Q

What is electronic music?

A

A technique of composition that appeared after WW2: consisted of mixing acoustic, traditional instruments with sounds recorded electronically

32
Q

What is minimalism?

A

A style developed from the plastic arts, meaning very few elements

33
Q

Who said, “any sound in the world is music”?

A

John Cage

34
Q

What is jazz music?

A

A type of music developed in the south of the U.S. at the turn of the 20th century, chiefly by African- Americans.

35
Q

What 3 things characterize jazz?

A
  1. Syncopation: altering the stress of the downbeats and upbeats
  2. Improvisation
  3. A unique way of playing the instrument: Jazz is played on traditional European instruments
36
Q

What is a combo? (jazz in performance)

A

A group of people playing together. They play a piece known as standard.

37
Q

What is a standard?

A

A piece with 32 bars and 2 melodies, A and B. The 32-bar standard is divided into 4 sections of 8 bars each

38
Q

What is ragtime?

A

A type of short piece for piano characterized by steady accompaniment in the left hand and a highly syncopated melody in the right hand

39
Q

What is The Blues?

A

A type of song, usually accompanied by a guitar, with 3 lines of poetry

40
Q

Explain the 3 lines of poetry in The Blues

A

(AAB)
In the A lines, the singer explains the reason for feeling the blues
The B line gives comfort, resolves the sadness

41
Q

What is Spanish music?

A

Music from Spanish-speaking countries

42
Q

What are spirituals?

A

Religious songs sung by slaves in the plantations, and after emancipation, in the services of the Southern Baptist Church

43
Q

What are minstrel shows?

A

Vaudeville and comic sketches inspired by an utterly distorted idea of the slaves’ life in the plantations, performed by white actors in black face.

44
Q

List the important styles of Jazz up to the 1960s

A

“Dixieland Jazz” (1900-1930)
“Big Band Jazz” (1930-1941)
“Bebop Jazz” (1941-1960)
“Cool Jazz” (1960s)

MUSIC (2 decks)

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