exam 2

Question 1

what are Piagets 4 parts of cognitive development

Answer 1

sensorimotor stage
preoperational
concrete operational
formal operational

Question 2

what is attained in the sensorimotor stage

Answer 2

object permanence- understanding even if something is out of sight it still exists

stranger anxiety

Question 3

what is attained in the pre-operational stage

Answer 3

symbolic thinking
egocentrism- world from their POV
animism - lifelike qualities to objects

Question 4

what is attained in the concrete operational stage

Answer 4

classification- categorize items

reversibility- adding and subtracting

conservation

decentration- focus on 1+ characteristic

seriation- order things by width and length

Question 5

what is attained in the formal operation stage

Answer 5

introspection

abstract thinking

hypocrisy

Question 6

what is egocentrism

Answer 6

seeing the world from your point of view, not others

other think feel and see how u do

not selfish

Question 7

what is personal fable

Answer 7

adolescents believe their experiences are unique and no one else understands

Question 8

what is imaginary audience

Answer 8

heightened sense of self consciousness

imagine your behavior is everyone else’s focus

Question 9

what period is the highest of risk taking causing impulsivity and sensation seeking. this results in poor decision making. Why?

Answer 9

adolescents

prefrontal cortex develops last

Question 10

2 parts of vygotskys sociocultural triangle and explain

Answer 10

scaffolding- the way a child is given a problem to understand the concept

zone of proximal development- space of what a learner can do with and without assistance

Question 11

middle to late adulthood cognition

Answer 11

loss of attention
slower processing speed
short term memory

Question 12

chrystalized vs fluid intelligence

Answer 12

builds over time vs fades over time

Question 13

atkinson shiffrin model: sensory memory, stm, ltm, attention, retrieval

Answer 13

sensory memory- unattended into is lost
*attention
stm- unrehearsed info is lost, maintenance rehearsal
*encoding and retrieval
ltm- some info may be lost over time

Question 14

define encoding, maintenance and elaborative rehearsal

Answer 14

encoding- processing info into our system

maintenance- repetition of info in OG form

elaborative- using strategies to memorize info (relate past info to recent info)

Question 15

purpose of stanford binet intelligence test

Answer 15

identify students who needed help

Question 16

triarchic theory of intelligence

Answer 16

analytic- academic problem solving

creative- imaginative and innovative problem solving

practical- street smart / common sense

Question 17

IQ

Answer 17

measures intelligence
average is 100
follow bell curve
iq = mental agechronological age100

Question 18

holophrastic speech

Answer 18

first word expressions

Question 19

define phoneme, semantics, syntax

Answer 19

a speech sound to differentiate words

meaning and interpretation of words

arrangement of words to make sentences

Question 20

what is the critical period for language

Answer 20

infancy and puberty

Question 21

fast mapping

Answer 21

concept is learned based on minimal exposure

Question 22

chomsky’s theory of language acquisition device

Answer 22

believed human brains contain a language aquisition device that includes a universal grammar that underlines all human language

Question 23

bilingualism

Answer 23

fluency of 2 languages

Question 24

conscience

Answer 24

combo of cognitive emotional social influences that cause humans to create and act constantly with a set of internalized standards that determine right or wrong

Question 25

theory of mind and impaired theory of mind

Answer 25

social intelligence ability to think other people’s thoughts allows humans to understand and predicts others absent or difficult for kids w autism

Question 26

kohlbergs stages of morality

Answer 26

pre conventional - s1: obedience and punishment s2: individuals interest conventional: s3: interpersonal(driven by social) s4: authority post conventional: s5: social contract - balancing social order and individuals rights s6: universal ethics

Question 27

self awareness, self concept, self esteem

Answer 27

ability to understand yourself self constructed beliefs about yourself confidence in oneself

Question 28

self awareness, self concept, self esteem

Answer 28

ability to understand yourself self constructed beliefs about yourself confidence in oneself

Question 29

parenting is bidirectional

Answer 29

kids learn from parents, parent learn from kids

Question 30

parenting is bidirectional

Answer 30

kids learn from parents, parent learn from kids

Question 31

temperament, 3 types of children

Answer 31

traits that influence how one thinks, behaves and reacts with the environment easy child- difficult child slow to warm up- low activity, slowly adjusts to new situations

Question 32

temperament, 3 types of children

Answer 32

traits that influence how one thinks, behaves and reacts with the environment easy child- difficult child slow to warm up- low activity, slowly adjusts to new situations

Question 33

attachment styles: secure, insecure abivalent/resistant, insecure avoidant and insecure disorganized

Answer 33

secure: most popular, child seeks physical attachment to parent, soothed easily and returns to play insecure avoidant: actively avoids parent on return, occurs when parent is insensitive and innatentive to child needs insecure resistant: child seeks care then resists it, caregiver provides inconsistent responses, dependent on parent insecure disorganized: seen in abused children, disoriented and disorganized, embarrassed parent parent or shows extreme enthusiasm during return

Question 34

3 adults attachment styles secure avoidant anxious

Answer 34

secure: trusts others, positive view of self and others, emotionally balanced avoidant: fear of closeness, finds it difficult to trust others anxious: anxiety if their partner loves them, wants want be w them. marked by jealously and emotional highs and lows

Question 35

reactive attachment disorder

Answer 35

makes it hard for children to form social connections because of social neglect and maltreatment

Question 36

factors influencing attraction-

Answer 36

similarity, mere exposure, proximity

Question 37

sternbergs love triage

Answer 37

passion- desire for one intimacy- close formulary or friendship commitment- state of being dedicated

Question 38

identity

Answer 38

set of qualities beliefs and traits that characterize a person outward expression of self concept continued through lifetime

Question 39

erik eriksons purpose of 8 stages

Answer 39

drive to developing one’s identity each stage has a problem and crisis to solve trust vs mistrust autonomy vs doubt initiative vs guilt industry vs inferiority indentity vs role confusion intimacy vs isolation generativity vs stagnation integrity vs despair

Question 40

gender, gender roles and gender socialization

Answer 40

gender- social/cultural differences in male and female gender roles- expectations of male and female gender socialization- teaching of gender stereotypes

Question 41

human sexuality

Answer 41

the way humans express themselves sexually

Question 42

sexual orientation heterosexual/cisgender homosexuality bisexuality asexuality pansexuality

Answer 42

pan- sexuality attracted to people regardless of their gender or sex a- lack of sexual attraction to others

Question 43

reason for increase in cohabilitation and living apart together

Answer 43

not ready to commit share living expenses reduces pressure points in a relationship

Question 44

authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, uninvolved/neglectful and helicopter

Answer 44

authoritative- reasonable demands and consistent limits. expresses warm and affection authoritarian- high value on conformity and obedience permissive- kid runs the show, nurturing and loving, parent is a friend helicopter- overlay protective, constant supervising, strict rules

Question 45

classification of play - unoccupied, solitary, onlooker, parallel, associate and cooperative

Answer 45

unoccupied- solitary- children entertain themselves onlooker- spectator play parallel- alongside others but not with them associate- side by side without coordinating their efforts cooperative- play together w shared goals

Question 46

death vs social death

Answer 46

brain ceases to function ; body shuts down people stop calling and visiting

Question 47

curative, palliative, hospice care

Answer 47

overcoming and curing disease care for the dying focus on comfort and pain relief die peacefully

Question 48

grief, bereavement, mourning

Answer 48

reaction to a loss period after a loss process of adapting to a loss

Question 49

5 stages of grief

Answer 49

denial anger bargaining depression and acceptance