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college peych > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are Piagets 4 parts of cognitive development

A

sensorimotor stage
preoperational
concrete operational
formal operational

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2
Q

what is attained in the sensorimotor stage

A

object permanence- understanding even if something is out of sight it still exists

stranger anxiety

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3
Q

what is attained in the pre-operational stage

A

symbolic thinking
egocentrism- world from their POV
animism - lifelike qualities to objects

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4
Q

what is attained in the concrete operational stage

A

classification- categorize items

reversibility- adding and subtracting

conservation

decentration- focus on 1+ characteristic

seriation- order things by width and length

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5
Q

what is attained in the formal operation stage

A

introspection

abstract thinking

hypocrisy

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6
Q

what is egocentrism

A

seeing the world from your point of view, not others

other think feel and see how u do

not selfish

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7
Q

what is personal fable

A

adolescents believe their experiences are unique and no one else understands

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8
Q

what is imaginary audience

A

heightened sense of self consciousness

imagine your behavior is everyone else’s focus

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9
Q

what period is the highest of risk taking causing impulsivity and sensation seeking. this results in poor decision making. Why?

A

adolescents

prefrontal cortex develops last

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10
Q

2 parts of vygotskys sociocultural triangle and explain

A

scaffolding- the way a child is given a problem to understand the concept

zone of proximal development- space of what a learner can do with and without assistance

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11
Q

middle to late adulthood cognition

A

loss of attention
slower processing speed
short term memory

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12
Q

chrystalized vs fluid intelligence

A

builds over time vs fades over time

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13
Q

atkinson shiffrin model: sensory memory, stm, ltm, attention, retrieval

A

sensory memory- unattended into is lost
*attention
stm- unrehearsed info is lost, maintenance rehearsal
*encoding and retrieval
ltm- some info may be lost over time

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14
Q

define encoding, maintenance and elaborative rehearsal

A

encoding- processing info into our system

maintenance- repetition of info in OG form

elaborative- using strategies to memorize info (relate past info to recent info)

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15
Q

purpose of stanford binet intelligence test

A

identify students who needed help

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16
Q

triarchic theory of intelligence

A

analytic- academic problem solving

creative- imaginative and innovative problem solving

practical- street smart / common sense

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17
Q

IQ

A

measures intelligence
average is 100
follow bell curve
iq = mental agechronological age100

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18
Q

holophrastic speech

A

first word expressions

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19
Q

define phoneme, semantics, syntax

A

a speech sound to differentiate words

meaning and interpretation of words

arrangement of words to make sentences

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20
Q

what is the critical period for language

A

infancy and puberty

21
Q

fast mapping

A

concept is learned based on minimal exposure

22
Q

chomsky’s theory of language acquisition device

A

believed human brains contain a language aquisition device that includes a universal grammar that underlines all human language

23
Q

bilingualism

A

fluency of 2 languages

24
Q

conscience

A

combo of cognitive emotional social influences that cause humans to create and act constantly with a set of internalized standards that determine right or wrong

25
Q

theory of mind and impaired theory of mind

A

social intelligence
ability to think other people’s thoughts
allows humans to understand and predicts others

absent or difficult for kids w autism

26
Q

kohlbergs stages of morality

A

pre conventional -
s1: obedience and punishment
s2: individuals interest

conventional:
s3: interpersonal(driven by social)
s4: authority

post conventional:
s5: social contract - balancing social order and individuals rights
s6: universal ethics

27
Q

self awareness, self concept, self esteem

A

ability to understand yourself

self constructed beliefs about yourself

confidence in oneself

28
Q

self awareness, self concept, self esteem

A

ability to understand yourself

self constructed beliefs about yourself

confidence in oneself

29
Q

parenting is bidirectional

A

kids learn from parents, parent learn from kids

30
Q

parenting is bidirectional

A

kids learn from parents, parent learn from kids

31
Q

temperament, 3 types of children

A

traits that influence how one thinks, behaves and reacts with the environment

easy child-

difficult child

slow to warm up- low activity, slowly adjusts to new situations

32
Q

temperament, 3 types of children

A

traits that influence how one thinks, behaves and reacts with the environment

easy child-

difficult child

slow to warm up- low activity, slowly adjusts to new situations

33
Q

attachment styles: secure, insecure abivalent/resistant, insecure avoidant and insecure disorganized

A

secure: most popular, child seeks physical attachment to parent, soothed easily and returns to play

insecure avoidant: actively avoids parent on return, occurs when parent is insensitive and innatentive to child needs

insecure resistant: child seeks care then resists it, caregiver provides inconsistent responses, dependent on parent

insecure disorganized: seen in abused children, disoriented and disorganized, embarrassed parent parent or shows extreme enthusiasm during return

34
Q

3 adults attachment styles
secure
avoidant
anxious

A

secure: trusts others, positive view of self and others, emotionally balanced

avoidant: fear of closeness, finds it difficult to trust others

anxious: anxiety if their partner loves them, wants want be w them. marked by jealously and emotional highs and lows

35
Q

reactive attachment disorder

A

makes it hard for children to form social connections because of social neglect and maltreatment

36
Q

factors influencing attraction-

A

similarity, mere exposure, proximity

37
Q

sternbergs love triage

A

passion- desire for one

intimacy- close formulary or friendship

commitment- state of being dedicated

38
Q

identity

A

set of qualities beliefs and traits that characterize a person

outward expression of self concept
continued through lifetime

39
Q

erik eriksons purpose of 8 stages

A

drive to developing one’s identity

each stage has a problem and crisis to solve

trust vs mistrust
autonomy vs doubt
initiative vs guilt
industry vs inferiority
indentity vs role confusion
intimacy vs isolation
generativity vs stagnation
integrity vs despair

40
Q

gender, gender roles and gender socialization

A

gender- social/cultural differences in male and female

gender roles- expectations of male and female

gender socialization- teaching of gender stereotypes

41
Q

human sexuality

A

the way humans express themselves sexually

42
Q

sexual orientation
heterosexual/cisgender
homosexuality
bisexuality
asexuality
pansexuality

A

pan- sexuality attracted to people regardless of their gender or sex

a- lack of sexual attraction to others

43
Q

reason for increase in cohabilitation and living apart together

A

not ready to commit

share living expenses

reduces pressure points in a relationship

44
Q

authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, uninvolved/neglectful and helicopter

A

authoritative- reasonable demands and consistent limits. expresses warm and affection

authoritarian- high value on conformity and obedience

permissive- kid runs the show, nurturing and loving, parent is a friend

helicopter- overlay protective, constant supervising, strict rules

45
Q

classification of play - unoccupied, solitary, onlooker, parallel, associate and cooperative

A

unoccupied-

solitary- children entertain themselves

onlooker- spectator play

parallel- alongside others but not with them

associate- side by side without coordinating their efforts

cooperative- play together w shared goals

46
Q

death vs social death

A

brain ceases to function ; body shuts down

people stop calling and visiting

47
Q

curative, palliative, hospice care

A

overcoming and curing disease

care for the dying
focus on comfort and pain relief

die peacefully

48
Q

grief, bereavement, mourning

A

reaction to a loss

period after a loss

process of adapting to a loss

49
Q

5 stages of grief

A

denial anger bargaining depression and acceptance

college peych (2 decks)

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