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college peych > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

definition: scientific study of how people change and stay the same during their lifetime

A

developmental psychology

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2
Q

what domains does developmental psych focus on

A

psychical
cognitive
social

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3
Q

what is lifespan

A

longevity
length a species can exist under optimal conditions

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4
Q

what is life expectancy

A

predicted number of years a person can reasonably expect to live in a specific time period

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5
Q

chronological birth vs biological birth

A

chronological- #of years since your birth

biological- how quickly your body ages

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6
Q

what is social age

A

level of maturity a person has based on their norms

(what age their brain is at)

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7
Q

what is psychological age

A

how well or poorly your body is doing relative to your actual age

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8
Q

what is nature vs nurture

A

are we who we are because of our environment or our genetics?

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9
Q

continuity vs discontinuity

A

is the change in our development gradual or sudden

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10
Q

active vs passive

A

how do you play a role in your own development

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11
Q

stability vs change

A

are your behaviors constant or sporadic

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12
Q

universal vs specific

A

are your actions universal (everyone can do it, not culture related) or do you learn it specifically ( from ur culture)

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13
Q

definition: an idea about how things work or are related

organized body of concepts, generalizations and principles that can be investigated

can describe , explain, and predict events and behavior

A

theory

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14
Q

independent vs dependent variable

A

independent- changed

dependent- measured

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15
Q

examples of descriptive, correlation and experimental research methods

A

descriptive: systematically observe and describe behavior
-naturalistic observation
-case studies: focus on 1 person
-surveys

correlation:
correlation history: how strongly are 2 variables related to each other

experimental:
-longitudinal: measure a group over time
-cross-sectional: describing a single point and time; different ages reflect

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16
Q

what is the control group, experimental group and sample

A

control group- isn’t manipulated

experimental- receives manipulation

sample- a small group selected for the study

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17
Q

definition: are nucleotides and are the recipes for making proteins
-we have roughly 20,500

A

genes

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18
Q

describe the 23 chromosomes

A

each person has 23 pairs of chromosomes : 46 total
*1 molecule of DNA and 1 protein make up 1 chromosome

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19
Q

sperm:
zygote:
ovum:

A
  • male sex cell. used to fertilize females egg
  • fertilized egg
  • female reproductive cell
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20
Q

describe epigenetics

A

center of nature vs nurture debate

scientific study of interplay between the genetic and environmental contributions to behavior

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21
Q

punnet square

A

a chat that allows you to determine the expected percentages of different genotypes in the offspring of 2 parents

22
Q

prenatal testing

A

ultrasounds

amniocentesis: offered to high risk women of having a kid with chromosome issues

23
Q

3 stages of prenatal development

A

1) germinal period- first 2 weeks after conception

2) embryonic period- weeks 3-8 after conception

3) fetal period- 2 months after conception until birth

24
Q

germinal period

A

fertilized egg forms a zygote

60% fail

genetic makeup and sex are set

25
Q

embryonic period

A

cells contribute to differentiate, heart starts to beat and organs begin to form

20% fail

umbilical cord is formed

26
Q

fetal period

A

size of kidney bean. begins to look human

by 12 weeks it has a body parts

5% fail

finished its development

27
Q

what is a teratogen?

examples:

A

harmful agents or substances that can cause malformation or defects to an embryo/fetus

alcohol ( most common )
toxoplasmosis: caused by tiny parasite

28
Q

fetal alcohol disorder

A

learning difficulties

impaired motor skills

facial characteristics

neurological damage

kidney bone heart

29
Q

3 stages of birth

A

1: dilation
-cervix dislates and water breaks
-could take 12-16 hours
2: birth
-baby is moved through birth canal and umbilical cord is cut
-takes 10-40 min
3: after birth delivery
-place to exits
-within 20 min

30
Q

cesarean section

A

incision in the stomach to open the uterine walls and deliver the baby through the opening

31
Q

apgar score

A

A- appearance
P- pulse
G- grimace
A- activity
R- respiration
a score of 0-2 is given in each area
score of 5 or less is concerning

32
Q

water birth

A

-part of delivery , labor or both happen while in water
- in hospital, birthing center or home
- may or may not be riskier

33
Q

sucking, rooting, grasp, moro, tonic neck, stepping and babinski reflexes

A

sucking- when baby’s mouth is touched they suck
rooting- turns head toward facial touch
grasp- clenching object that touches palm
moro- arms fly out. baby feels like it’s falling
tonic neck- when laying down baby’s arm bends next to their head. like they are fencing
stepping- appears to be taking steps when upright
babinski-foot and toes move when foot is stroked

34
Q

lamaze method

A

most common

teach women to be in process of their delivery

learning: muscle relaxation, breathing in contractions, having a focal point

coach during labor

35
Q

4 lobes of the brain and functions

A

frontal: voluntary movement/expressing language
temporal: hearing and processing, memory
parietal: sensory and perceptual info
occipital: visual processing

36
Q

neuron

A

send messages throughout ur body

37
Q

corpus callosum

A

connects left and right hemispheres of the brain

38
Q

synaptic pruning

A

unused connections are eliminated

39
Q

neuroplasticity

A

brains ability to change, physically and chemically

40
Q

neurogenesis/ synaptogenesis

A

connections between neurons are formed. rapid.

41
Q

dementia / alzheimers

A

stm impairment

forgetting names of family, to take meds, trouble dressing and hygiene

42
Q

adolescent vs adult sleep

A

adult : 8-10

6-13: 9-11

0-3 14-17

1-2: 11-14

3-5: 10-13

43
Q

gross vs fine motor skills

A

big vs small muscles

44
Q

psychical changes of aging

A

2-6: grow 3 in. in height and 4-5 lbs

muscle size, bone sturdiness’s

torso lengthens

45
Q

puberty for girls vs boys
primary vs secondary?

A

girls are 2 years ahead of boys

primary: changes in reproductive organs
secondary: broaden shoulders, low voice, hair growth

punic hair, body odor, acne and oily skin, height breast’s, curves

46
Q

primary vs secondary aging

A

primary: cant be controlled by individual

secondary: able to control factors

47
Q

climacteric, perimenopause, menopause, andropause

A

biological changes in midlife; influenced by hormones

womens 40s

women’s 40’s and 50’s

men’s 40’s

48
Q

young old
old old
oldest old
centenarians

A

65-64; strong memory and intelligence
working for pleasure not income

75-84: likely to be living independently, physical impairments and chronic disease

85-99: 14% of population, longterm care and nursing homes, less likely to be married/living w spouse

110+: us has the most, healthier than their peers growing up, serious disease occurs after 90

49
Q

programmed vs damage or error theories

A

programmed: follow a biological timeline, continuation of childhood development

damage or error: environmental factors that cause cumulative damage to organisms

50
Q

programmed theories examples

A

genetics
evolutionary
telomere/cellular clock theory

51
Q

damage or error theory examples

A

dna damage
mitochondrial damage
free radicals
hormonal stress theory
immune and hormonal stress

college peych (2 decks)

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