Exam 2 Flashcards
Process coding
Use “ing” word to identify action in data; purpose is to identify forms of participation, action, reaction, and interaction suggested by data
Values coding
Labels participants beliefs, ideas, or values; explores cultural values, identity, integral personal and interpersonal participant experiences
Emotion coding
Emotional states or recalled experience by participant as suggested data
Analytic writing
Writing Key factors and regularities of data
Descriptive and realistic writing
Factual story telling of participants daily lives
Objective writing to paint vivid picture of reality for the reader
Significant trivia
Rich, small details that decorate and-set the scene in a written report
Confessional tale
- researchers 1st person subject experiences
- reveals emotions, dilemas, analytic errors
Critical and advocacy writing
Questions surveying manifest and latent (surface and hidden) meanings of people actions
- result of power imbalances and looking for solutions
Literary narrative writing
Retelling of participants narrative to recount perceptions and experiences (nonfiction)
Photovoice
Photography accompanied with audio, recordings or text
- a research presentation style
(Can be used at the end of ethnography essay question)
Evidentiary warrant
Presentation of data supporting the studies assertion (claim)
- concreate evidence
(Use for essay question about presentation)
Peripheral role
“A fly on the wall”
participant observation stance
- not participating directly
- witnessing and documenting environment (social life)
Participant observation
Watching and listening to the participant(s) act react and interact in social setting
Focus on the participant
Thick description
-Significance of people’s actions (complications and nuance)
-big idea
Gate keepers
People with the ability and authority to stop the research
-institutional review board
Membership roles
researchers position
-peripheral role
-active role
-complete role
Geo-identity
Personal attachment or qualities to country, city, region
-considering the site itself an active participant?
Jottings
Brief description/notes of observation
Field notes
Created by research during field study from jottings
Observers comments
Researchers impressions
-raw/uncensored
-subtexts maybe
Reflexivity
Individual reflection on data (personal)
Analytic memo
Extended research and commentary from field notes
-EX: interview transcripts/documents
-expanding on reflective narrative
Descriptive coding
Summarizing in word / short phrasing
(Most often as a noun)
Versus coding
Applied to data not to compare but to describe as binary (relating to)
EX: men vs women, commuter vs on campus
Categories (relating to codes)
Piles of codes
- word or phrase applied to a group pattern of similar codes
Theme
Phrase or sentence that identifies as to categorize data from topic to pattern of ideas
Concepts
Bigger picture beyond what is tangible (real/touchable)
Proposition
Predictive statement with two primary elements
-proposes a conditional event
Antecedent conditions (exist)
(before) - existing conditions, actions, and contexts from before observations
w/o this there is assumptions everyone is the same, unfair playing field
Mediating variables (intervene)
Context and actions influencing and affecting antecedent
-leading of specific outcomes
Outcomes
Interpreted, summative results of actions and reactions and interactions
- consequences of antecedent conditions and mediating variables
Vignettes
field works in form of brief literary narrative (scenes or clips from data)
Diagrams
Visually illustrated representation of participants experiences
5 properties of theory
- Expresses patterned relationship between 2 or more concepts.
EX: feminist theory (occupation & gender) - Predicts & controls actions thru if then logic
EX: if your assigned female then will be socialized to a specific job type - Accounts for parameters of variations in the empirical observations (not theory)
EX: focus on specific area (boundaries) feminist focus of gender not necessarily capitalism bc it’s not in their lane - Explains how & why something happens by stating causes
- Provides insight & guidance for improving social life
EX: equality and justice- what we do to solve things
Material culture
Conception of social life that produces and values objects & artifacts for consumption and daily living
Netnography
Ethnographic study through online/digital culture and participants
Value system
Individuals composite values attitudes and beliefs
Manifest and latent contents
Manifest - that which is readily observable in something (apparent and surface content)
Latent - that which is hidden or concluded in something
Content analysis
Analysis of material counting number of times certain words, images, themes or concepts appear
Quantitative: counting (frequencies)
Qualitative: thematic features and concepts
Discourse Analysis
Analysis of contents of narrative and visual texts
- focus on nuances of language, convos, & images to assess elements of vocabulary grammar etc.
Impart meaning about human relationships and ideas
Documents
Forms of textual communications that reflect perspective/interests of author
Codeweaving
Integration of primary codes of interest (brief narrative)
- analyze possible relationship
Goffman on ethnography
Inductive method or grounded theory, -front stage vs backstage behavior (blending in)
-exploiting place
-write as soon as you get out of the field and be as descriptive as possible relating to scene
Mitch Denier’s Sidewalk
Ethnography about sidewalk vendors, panhandler, and scavengers who were mostly black, poor and homeless men.
Main point of nacirema
Extremes to which human behavior can go
- don’t be surprised by exotic customs
- making the familiar strange
-
Semiotic analysis
Focus of understating signs, objects or images imbued with social meaning
-Requires thick description
