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International and Domestic Terrorism > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is true about right wing extremists?

A
  • Generally reactionary to perceived threats against a groups identity, race, etc. nostalgia
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2
Q

What is true about left wing extremism?

A
  • future oriented, seeking to reform or destroy current system–idealistic
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3
Q

What is true about Marxism, and Leninism in relation to Christianity?

A
  • they are very oppressive and repressive of Christianity
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4
Q

Who is Edmund Burke?

A
  • founder the modern Conservatism
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5
Q

What is a strong indicator of leftist ideals?

A
  • people tearing down statues
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6
Q

What is true of a more conservative opinion?

A
  • nostalgia, tradition, limited role of gov’t
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7
Q

What is true about anarchists?

A
  • they are people who hate government control, rights, and private property, have no plan for an alternative
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8
Q

What is true about radical socialism?

A
  • leftist ideology that began in the mid 19th century
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9
Q

What is the basic premise of marxism?

A
  • working class revolution, wealth redistribution
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10
Q

What is the basic premise of fascism?

A
  • right ideological viewpoint counters to Marxism
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11
Q

What is the basic premise of extreme nationalism?

A
  • superiority of race
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12
Q

What is true of the Afrikanner Resistance movement (discussed in class)?

A
  • Uegene Terrabuch-leader
  • wear uniforms with insignias of 3,7’s
  • national identity-white
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13
Q

What is the DIME?

A
  • a term used to reference counter terrorism tactics
  • D: Diplomatic
  • I: Informational
  • M: Military
  • E: Economic
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14
Q

What is true about an International terrorist event?

A
  • an asymmetric type of behavior
  • element of surprise
  • hit a target they’re not expecting
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15
Q

What is true about domestic terrorism?

A
  • confining terrorism to a specific boundary within a state
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16
Q

What are 2 types of attacks that are the most common (asymmetric)?

A
  • attacks on embassies
  • hijackings
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17
Q

What are 3 types of international terrorism?

A
  • international state terrorism
  • international dissident terrorism
  • international religious terrorism
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18
Q

What is the objective of international state terrorism?

A
  • foreign policy objective
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19
Q

What is the objective of international dissident terrorism?

A
  • selecting domestic targets that have international symbolism
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20
Q

What is the objective of international religious terrorism?

A
  • mainly Islamic terrorism
  • the biggest form of international terrorism in the past 30 years–difficult to root out
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21
Q

What is a saying Prof Thompson said about countering terrorism?

A
  • “countering terrorism is like eating soup with a knife”
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22
Q

What is “antiterrorism”?

A
  • defending yourselves and preparing to have defensive measures to combat it when it happens
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23
Q

What is the spectrum of counterterrorism?

A

Covert—-Overt

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24
Q

When was the last time the U.S. sent troops into Iran?

A
  • Desert 1-first covert operation-get 52 hostages out of Iran–in 1979
  • was an epic failure
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25
Q

What is Operation El Dorado Canyon?

A
  • 1986 operation–was a “hardline military response to terrorism”
    – goes directly to the heart of terrorism acts
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26
Q

What is involved with the “M” of the DIME?

A
  • use of force
  • military and paramilitary repressive options
    • suppression campaigns:
      – punitive strikes (El Dorado Canyon)
      – preemptive strikes
    • covert operations
      – military and diplomatic means of action (ex: Black September–Wrath of God operation)
      • covert: cyberwarfare
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27
Q

What are legalistic options to counterterrorism?

A
  • promoting the rule of law
  • law enforcement
  • counterterrorist laws
  • international laws
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28
Q

What are some of the rightful claims to the land that Israel has?

A
  • historical faith
  • oldest burial site in the world
    • Cave of Machpelah and land around it
      – first piece of ground given to Israel-posses
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29
Q

What is true about using military force?

A
  • have a measurable goal
  • have measurable objectives
  • achieve objectives and goals quickly and efficiently
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30
Q

What are typical objectives of terrorism?

A
  • changing the existing order
  • psychological disruption
  • social disruption
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31
Q

What is a treaty, and how is it important?

A
  • countries follow treaties as international law–precedence is what keeps international law in use
    –following diplomatic history
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32
Q

What is the “Tallon manual”?

A
  • “Cyber Law”
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33
Q

What is asymmetric warfare?

A
  • the use of unconventional and unexpected and nearly unpredictable methods of political violence
  • unanticipated targets and apply unique and idiosyncratic tactics
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34
Q

What are weapons and tactics that are asymmetric warfare tactics?

A
  • bombings
  • suicide bombings
  • sidearms
  • kidnappings
  • hijackings
  • vehicle attacks
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35
Q

What is true about propaganda?

A
  • it’s asymmetric, widespread deliberate indoctrination or plan for such indoctrination
  • organizations, movements, and governments spread their interpretations of the truth or invent a new truth using propaganda
  • fine line exists between news and terrorists message
36
Q

What is true about the first amendment and protected speech?

A
  • first amendment: freedom of speech, of the press, to peaceably assemble, petition the gov’t for a redress of grievances
  • not protected: threats–illegal in criminal code
  • speech that incites panic or violence–not allowed
37
Q

What is true about “Super Speech”?

A
  • Super Speech is political speech
  • Meyer v. Grant (1988)
  • Buckley v. Valco (1976)
  • SCOTUS protects political speech
38
Q

What is the FBI’s definition of Domestic terrorism?

A
  • violent criminal acts committed by individuals/groups to further ideological goals stemming from domestic influences such as those of a political, religious, social, racial, or environmental nature
39
Q

What are some facts about the January 6th attacks?

A
  • 4 people died
    • 1 shot, 2 had heart attacks, 1 died from trauma-and shot from rubber bullett
  • 4 capitol police officers/law enforcement committed suicide afterwards
40
Q

What is true about the recent Israeli strikes on the IRGC?

A
  • Israel struck an IRGC operations center near the Iranian consulate
  • targeted Brig. Hen Mohammaed Reza Zahedi–a top Iranian Quds force member–killed along with 6 other Iranian officers
41
Q

What is true about how the Jan 6th attacks were labeled by the media?

A
  • labeled by the left, and FBI as:
    • insurgency, terrorists, riot
42
Q

What is true about the BLM/George Floyd protests?

A
  • led by BLM
  • one big idea–you can’t stand for the national anthem
  • statues torn down
  • federal buildings attacked
  • property damage of businesses
  • defund the police
  • critical theory
    – society must be destroyed and rebuilt
43
Q

What is true about the core founding principles of BLM?

A
  • dissatisfaction of its founder with the outcome of Trayvon Martin’s case-Zimmerman found not guilty of murder
44
Q

What is true about BLM?

A
  • founded on July 14th 2013
  • the issue of impartiality and the 6th amendment
  • BLM is a political organization
    – Patriste Cullors (founder of BLM) was a pupil of Eric Mann a leader of the Weather Underground-domestic terror group
  • 2 of the 3 founders of BLM are avowed Marxists
45
Q

What is true about BLM and the outcome of Black murder cases?

A
  • the outcome of the Zimmerman case is what the leaders of BLM want–if justice is served–the cause of BLM can and will never be implemented
46
Q

What is the definition of Homeland Security?

A
  • dynamic concept that constantly evolves with the emergence of new terrorist threats and unpredictability of non-terrorist disasters
47
Q

What are some recent attacks in Ohio that required DHS to step in?

A
  • a group of white supremacists tried to disrupt the power grid in Ohio/around the country -2023
  • Demetrius Pitts-Islamic Jihad attacks in Cleveland
  • Abdul Razak Ali Arton-knife and car attack on Ohio State’s campus-radicalized by Zakarwi
48
Q

What was the Executive order that established the DHS?

A
  • Executive Order 13228
  • October 8, 2001
49
Q

What are the functions of the DHS?

A
  • coordinate the executive branch’s efforts to detect, prepare for, prevent, protect against, respond to, and recover from terrorist attacks within the U.S.
50
Q

What are some examples of homegrown Jihadists?

A
  • Boston marathon bombers
    • 2 brothers: Dzhokar & Tamerlan Tsarnaev responsible for the attacks
51
Q

What is true about homegrown jihadists?

A
  • it’s hard to pick them out in large crowds
52
Q

What are some examples of asymetric warfare/terrorism?

A
  • Paris attacks 2015
  • Charlie Hebdo attacks
53
Q

What is generally true about the DHS?

A
  • it is a very big bureaucratic organization with a lot of separate parts
  • and is very efficient due to specialization
  • sector specific agencies
  • Dept of Health and Human Services
  • Dept of the Interior
  • Dept of the treasury
  • EPA
54
Q

What is the mission of the U.S. intelligence community?

A
  • domestic and international intelligence
  • coordinating intelligence collection
  • reducing bureaucratic rivalries
55
Q

What is a statement about stopping terrorism, that Prof Thompson said?

A
  • “the easiest way to stop terrorism is to curtail freedoms and liberties of U.S. citizens
56
Q

What are some examples of wrongful persecution in the U.K?

A
  • the IRA and its terrorist campaign
  • Guildford 4
  • Birmingham 6
57
Q

What is true about the Guildford 4?

A
  • perversion of justice
  • 4 people wrongfully convicted of an october 1974 bombing in Guildford
58
Q

What is true about the Birmingham 6?

A
  • 6 men convicted of the November 1974 bombings of 2 pubs in Birmingham England that killed 21 people and injured 168
  • on appeal the court ordered the release of the birmingham 6 after it ruled that the police had used fabricated evidence
59
Q

What are Diplock courts?

A
  • the gov’t of England established special courts without jury trials–in a response to repeated intimidations of jurors
60
Q

What is the Northern Ireland Act?

A
  • passed in 1993, created conditions of quasimartial law
61
Q

What is true about the Patriot Act?

A
  • legislation to collect more evidence–allows the government to do so without a search warrant to collect foreign information
62
Q

What is true about leftist extremism? (from textbook)

A
  • leftist extremism is future oriented, seeking to reform or destroy an existing system prior to building a new and just society
  • “Idealistic”
  • when leftists “champion” a particular group–the group is perceived to be oppressed unjustly by a corrupt system or government
63
Q

What is true about right wing extremists? (textbook)

A
  • they try to protect their value system and affirm their special status, frequently expressing a desire to return to a time of past glory
  • “nostalgic”
  • rightist ideologies tend to be a reaction against perceived threats to a groups value system and presumption of superiority
64
Q

What is true about the fringe right and fringe left (discussed in ch. 7)?

A
  • there was no singular event such as the Revolution of 1848 to inspire the rise of a right wing version of Karl Marx
  • no core document such as the Communist Manifesto was written to inspire generations of rightists. Hitlers Mein Kampf is the closest–but it was never universally adopted by the right as Marxs theories were for the left
  • no leadership “pantheon” exists on the right that is similar to the Marx-Lenin-Stalin/Trotsky-Mao pantheon
65
Q

Who are some postwar leftist revolutionaries?

A
  • Latin Americas Che Guevara, Fidel Castro
  • Congos Patrice Lumumba
  • Vietnams Ho Chi Minh
66
Q

What is true about right wing ideology? (ch. 7 summary)

A
  • it is less systematic and focused than on the left, less intellectual in its analysis of environmental conditions–relying instead on racial or other stereotyping of perceived enemies
  • hasn’t been as concerted/sustained as left wing terrorism in the recent past–other than extensive violence by paramilitaries in politically fractured socities
67
Q

What are some statements that summarize left wing extremism?

A
  • the radical left emphasizes “economic rights”
  • democratic socialism emphasizes reform–not revolution
  • communists emphasize revolution–not reform
  • commies and dem. socialists tend to distrust each other
68
Q

What are several common themes of right wing extremism?

A
  • nationalism
  • racism
  • xenophobia
  • antidemocracy
  • and a strong state
69
Q

What is Mao’s doctrine for waging guerilla warfare?

A
  • “fish swimming in the sea of the people”
70
Q

What are four terrorist “environments”?

A
  • monolithic
  • strong multipolar
  • weak multipolar
  • cell-based
71
Q

What is true about the monolithic terrorist environment?

A
  • a single state sponsor supports this type
  • the state has strong and direct control
  • minimal group autonomy exists
  • there are clear options to counter monolithic terrorism–its the easiest to counter
72
Q

What is true about the “strong multipolar” terrorist environment?

A
  • there are several state sponsors supporting this
  • the state has strong and direct control
  • there is minimal group autonomy
  • there are clear options in countering this type of terrorism
73
Q

What is true about a “weak multipolar” terrorist environment?

A
  • there are many dissident groups; several state sponsors
  • the state has weak and insecure control
  • groups have strong autonomy
  • it is problematic and unpredictable when countering terrorism in this environment
74
Q

What is true about a “cell-based” terrorist environment?

A
  • dissident groups remain the prominent actor
  • the state has weak control in this environment
  • groups have strong autonomy
  • it is problematic and unpredictable–this environment is the most difficult to counter terrorism
75
Q

What are typical targets of terrorist attacks?

A
  • embassies
  • international symbols
  • symbolic buildings/sites
  • symbolic peoples
  • passenger carriers
76
Q

Who is Yehiya Ayyash?

A
  • a master bomb maker better known as “the engineer” was a model activist within Hamas’s cell based organization structure
  • his first bomb was a Volkswagen car bomb used in April 1993
  • had been directly, and indirectly responsible for killing approximately 150 people, and injuring 500 others
77
Q

What are motives of Ethnonationalists?

A
  • ethnonationalist terrorists seek to win recognition of their human rights, or a degree of national autonomy, from the present order
78
Q

What are the motives of Nihilists?

A
  • Nihilist terrorists wish to destroy systems and institutions without regard for what will replace the existing order
79
Q

What are the motives of religious terrorists?

A
  • religious terrorists act on behalf of a supernatural mandate to bring about a divinely inspired new order
80
Q

What are the motives of lone wolf terrorists?

A
  • lone wolves have a vague and sometimes delusional assumption that their actions will further a greater cause against a corrupt or evil social order
81
Q

What is the “netwar theory”?

A
  • an emerging mode of conflict and crime–the protagonists use network forms of organization and related doctrines, strategies, and technologies related to the information age
82
Q

What other networks are similar to the “internetted movements”?

A
  • chain network
  • star, hub, or wheel network
  • all channel networks
83
Q

What are common methods/tactics/weapons of terrorists?

A
  • bombings/suicide bombings
  • sidearms
  • kidnappings
  • hijackings
  • vehicle attacks
84
Q

What is a “signature method”?

A
  • methods that have become closely affiliated with operational activities of specific groups
85
Q

What is “kneecapping”?

A
  • a technique used by the IRA, Irish Protestant Loyalists, and italy’s Red Brigade
  • technique involved shooting a victim in the back of the knee joint–thus shooting off the kneecap

International and Domestic Terrorism (2 decks)

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