Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Sex > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does sexual orientation include among the continuum?

A

Engaging in sexual behavior, feeling sexual desire, falling in love with and identifying yourself as

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

homosexuality

A

exclusive and consistent attraction and involvement with same sex partners

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

sexual fluidity. who is it most common among?

A

Variability in attraction at various times and situations. woman.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

psychosocial theories of determinants of sexual orientation

A

“By Default” Theory
The Seduction Myth
Freud’s Theory
Parenting patterns or early childhood experiences; no research to support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

biological theories of sexual orientation

A 
Genetic factors
Identical twin studies
Homosexuality and gender nonconformity 
Implications if biology is destiny
May lead to greater acceptance
Genetic engineering, tolerance for “defective” orientation, and intolerance for choices
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

APA removed homosexuality from its diagnostic categories of mental disorders

A

1973

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what therapies work for homosexuality

A

sexual reorientation therapy does not work but gay affirmative is helpful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

first federal hate crime act

A

1968, renamed shepard and byrd in 2009

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how many states have legal same sex marriage

A

14, 35 ban

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what state bans adoption for gay couples

A

Mississippi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

causes of homophobia

A

Lack of acceptance and valuing
Traditional gender role stereotypes
Extreme manifestation of cultural norms
Denial of homosexual feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

stonewall rebellion

A

69, started gay rights movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dopamine

A

facilitates sexual arousal

testosterone stimulates its release in males and females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Serotonin

A

inhibits sexual arousal

male ejaculation causes it to be released →decreases sex drive by inhibiting the release of dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

whats the most dominant sense

A

touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

second most dominant sense

A

vision. men report higher visual arousal than women but have similar physiological responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

drugs that inhibit sexual response

A 
antihypertensives 
antidepressants 
antipsychotics
hormonal birth control 
nicotine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Steroid hormones

A 
Androgens (including testosterone)
produced by testes, adrenal glands, and ovaries
Estrogens
produced by ovaries and testes
Women and men produce both types
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Neuropeptide hormones

A

oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Two types of testosterone

A

free and bound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

free T

A

Free testosterone linked to libido

Although women have less free testosterone, their cells are more sensitive to it than men’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

oxytocin

A

Increased skin sensitivity
High levels associated with orgasmic release for women and men
Emotional and erotic bonding
For women, stimulates contractions of uterine wall during orgasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Kaplan’s 3 stage response

A

. This model is distinguished by its identification of desire as a prelude to sexual response
Desire,excitment, orgasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

masters and johnsons 4 phases

A 
Excitement
Plateau-surge of sexual energy
Orgasm
Resolution
most accepted model
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

vasocongestion

A

is the swelling of bodily tissues caused by increased vascular blood flow and a localized increase in blood pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Refractory period

A

– period of time after orgasm during which further sexual stimulation does not lead to renewed erection or second orgasm. Last between 30 – 90 minutes – varies greatly with age, extending over a day or more in some older men. There is some evidence to suggest it is caused by the pituitary hormone prolactin, which reaches high blood levels after orgasm & dampens down sexual responsiveness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

myotonia

A

involuntary muscle contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Sternbergs triangular theory of love

A

passion-sexual energy, excitement, builds then fades
intimacy- develops over time, bondedness
commitment- conscious decision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

lee’s styles of loving

A

Romantic (eros)- physical, emotional attraction
Game-playing (ludus)-focus on fun, scoring
Possessive (mania)-jealous, low SE
Companionate (storge)- friendship, commitment
Altruistic (agape)- selfless love, not expect return
Pragmatic (pragma)-practical, logical, materialistic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Attachment Style (Ainsworth)

A

Secure attachment
Insecure attachment:
Anxious-ambivalent attachment
Avoidant attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

parts of a lasting relationship

A 
Self-acceptance
Appreciation of each other’s qualities
Commitment
Good communication, realistic expectations, and shared interests
Ability to face and deal with conflict
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

2 - 3 years

A

mast begins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

4 - 7 years

A

sex play

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

5-7

A

marriage scripts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

8-9

A

homosociality- spend time w/ same sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

10-11

A

interest in body changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

adolescent sex rates

A

National upward trend reached plateau in last 10 years

Age of first coitus has decreased over last several decades

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

predisposing factors for early sex encounters in adolescents

A

Poverty
Family conflict
Parental lack of education, supervision
Parental substance abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

primary sex characteristic

A

relating directly to the repro organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

adolescent masturbation rates

A

by the end of adolescence almost all males and 3 out of 4 females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

sexual initiation age

A

17

42
Q

transitory

A

what is available at the time ex: same sex camp

43
Q

why do girls grow at a quicker rate than boys

A

estrogen

44
Q

top reasons ppl are choosing cohabitation

A

spend more time together, convenience, evaluate compatibility, shared expenses

45
Q

top reason for divorce

A

communication

46
Q

whos more likely to cohabitate

A
  • low SES, men with lower than HS ed
47
Q

collectivist cultures

A

Emphasize group goals over individual
Marriage unites families not two individuals
Arranged marriages common
Emphasize needs of family, community, or religion; de-emphasize love
Polygamy

48
Q

individualistic cultures

A

Emphasize feelings of love

Importance of love is a recent innovation

49
Q

consensual extramarital relationships

A

Swinging
open marriage
polyamory

50
Q

non consensual extramarital relationships

A

Varied and complex reasons
Younger people have more affairs
Role of Internet
Impact on marriage varies

51
Q

reasons for high divorce rates

A

Increased expectations for marital and sexual fulfillment
No-fault divorce laws
Reduction in social stigma
Women’s economic independence

52
Q

About ____ of men & women age 60 and older are sexually active

A

half

53
Q

lesbian advantages

A

Less likely to be widowed
Higher pool of alternatives
Less aging double standard

54
Q

Widows to widowers ratio

A

4:1

widowers more likely to get married

55
Q

highest sexual dysfunction for women? men?

A

lack of desire. premature ejaculation.

56
Q

Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD)

A 
Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD)
Lack of interest in sexual activity
Usually temporary
Often due to relationship problems or internalized negative attitudes about sex
Very common
57
Q

Sexual aversion disorder (SAD)

A

Extreme, irrational fear of sexual activity

Often due to sexual abuse or assault

58
Q

Female genital sexual arousal disorder

A

Persistent inability to attain or maintain the lubrication-swelling response

59
Q

Female subjective sexual arousal disorder

A

Physical signs of arousal are present, but feelings of sexual excitement & pleasure are absent or diminished

60
Q

Persistent sexual arousal disorder

A

Persistent sexual arousal disorder
Spontaneous, intrusive, & unwanted genital arousal (tingling, throbbing, pulsating) in the absence of sexual interest
One or more orgasms do not relieve arousal
Arousal can persist for hours or days
Individuals have normal physiological & psychiatric evaluations
Causes are unknown

61
Q

erectile disorder

A

Consistent or recurrent inability for at least 3 months to have or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual activity
Incidence increases with age
A man in his 50s is over 2 times more likely than a man in his 20s

62
Q

reasons for painful intercourse in males

A

Infected or irritated foreskin
Pelvic or genital infections
Peyronie’s disease: abnormal fibrous tissue & calcium deposits in the penis

63
Q

reasons for painful intercourse in women

A

Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder
decreased lubrication
inflammation of the vaginal wall
intact or inadequately ruptured hymen
irritated clitoris caused by build up of smegma
Vestibulodynia
small hypersensitive area at the entrance of the vaginal, causing severe pain in about 10% of women

64
Q

physiological factors of sexual difficulties

A

Hormonal, vascular, neurological
Good health habits = good sexual functioning
Chronic illnesses and disabilities
Medication effects

65
Q

cultural factors of sexual difficulties

A

Negative childhood learning
Sexual double standard
Narrow definition of sexuality
Performance anxiety

66
Q

basics of sexual enhancement

A

Self-awareness

Communication

Sensate focus

67
Q

paraphilia

A

term used to describe uncommon types of sexual expressions

2 types: non coercive and coercive

68
Q

how do atypical sexual behaviors exist

A

Behaviors exist on continuum

often occur in clusters

69
Q

Non-coercive

A

solo activities or

involve the participation of consenting adults

70
Q

coercive

A

may be invasive

involve unwilling recipients

71
Q

fetishism

A

Sexual arousal primarily from body part or inanimate object
Can be difficult to draw line between normal and true fetishism
Rarely harmful to others
Development
Incorporating the object or body part in such a way that it reinforces orgasm → strengthens the fetishistic association
Association of sexual arousal with objects during childhood

72
Q

transvestic fetishism

A

Sexual arousal from wearing clothes of other sex
Distinguished from other individuals who cross-dress for various other reasons
As a diagnostic category, term is applied only to heterosexual men
Significant psychological distress
Impaired functioning

73
Q

S&M

A

Sadism: sexual arousal from giving physical or psychological pain
Masochism: sexual arousal from receiving pain/bondage

74
Q

Klismaphilia:

Coprophilia

A

Klismaphilia:
Receiving enemas
Coprophilia
Contact with feces

75
Q

Exhibitionism

A

Exposing genitals to an involuntary observer
Men in their 20s & 30s, over half are married/have been married
Often shy non-assertive, problem with intimacy, feels insecure/inadequate
Others may feel isolated & unappreciated; anger towards other people
Some commit more serious crimes

76
Q

voyeurism

A

Sexual arousal from observing others undressing or engaging in sexual activity –without consent
Often more sexually aroused when the risk of detection is high
More likely to observe strangers than acquaintances
Often feel inadequate and lack social/sexual skills
Tend to be young men, usually in early 20s
Most keep their distance but some go on to commit more serious offenses

77
Q

Frotteurism

A

Frotteurism

Rubbing against unwilling victim

78
Q

when does hiv become aids

A

CD-4 count is < 200 or

One or more opportunistic infection

79
Q

4 most common body fluids for hiv transmission

A

blood, semen, vaginal fluids, & breast milk

80
Q

HAART

A

highly active retroviral therapy

81
Q

ppl living with hiv

A

34 mil

82
Q

how many ppl contract everyday hiv

A

7000

83
Q

since beginning of HIV epidemic……

A

60 million contracted, 30 mil dead

84
Q

whats the primary mode of HIV transmission

A

hetrosexual contact

85
Q

how many are unaware of their hiv infection

A

1 in 5

86
Q

how many ppl in the US have HIV

A

1.2 mil

87
Q

primary stage syphillis

A

avg for canker sore to show up- 21 days. can range from 10-90

88
Q

syphilis secondary stage

A

rash

89
Q

latent syphilis stage

A

Begins when secondary symptoms disappear
Without treatment, infection remains in the body
No signs or symptoms present
Can last for years

90
Q

late syphilis stage

A

Approximately 15% of untreated persons developed late stage which can appear 10-30 years after infection begins
Symptoms: difficulty coordinating muscle movements, paralysis, numbness, gradual blindness, & dementia
Damage to internal organs & structures including brain, heart, liver, eyes, blood vessels, nerves, bones & joints

91
Q

Atypical behaviors vs paraphilia

A

Behaviors not typically expressed by most ppl in society whereas paraphilia is uncommon types of sexual expression

92
Q

Factors involved with falling in love

A

Proximity, similarity,reciprocity,physical attractiveness

93
Q

Amygdala

A

Remembers things that cause sexual enjoyment

94
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Electrical impulse can cause orgasm

95
Q

Primary erogenous zones

A

Ear, neck, breast, genital, thigh, navel, mouth

96
Q

Secondary erogenous zones

A

Person us conditioned to like that area

97
Q

Hypogonadism

A

Not enough T

98
Q

of opportunistic infections

A

28

99
Q

First case of aids

A

1981

100
Q

2 types of surgical treatment for ED

A

Semi erect rod and pump

101
Q

Anxious ambivalent

A

Hesitant in approaching parent

Human Sex (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions