Exam 2 Flashcards
Augustus
Augustus(Octavian) reinstitutes an army.
First emperor of ancient Rome
Creates an elite group in the military know as the Praetorian Guard, which are there to protect the emperor and are the leader of the cavalry.
Nerva
One of the five good emperors, believed the most effective way to maintain peace is with a strong military.
Marcus Auerlius
Was apart of the 5 good emperors.
Was a stoic-“Meditations”
He chose his own son because they failed to choose someone else, this ended the Pax Romana(5 good emperors)
Commodous
The son of Marcus Aurelius
Known as a megalomaniac-to have an inflated sense of self.
Changes the name of the “city of Rome” to the “City of Commodous”
Believed he was the living carnation of Hercules
Was put to death by the Praetorian Guard
Pax Romana
Peace, Happines
Rule of the 5 good emperors
Time in Rome with the highest prosperity
Diocletian
Western Rome
City of Rome
Known as a tetrarchy(government by 4 men) consisted of 2 Caesars and 2 Augustus
Falls in 476 AD due to Germanic invasions
Constantine
Eastern Rome
Army increased to 500,000 soldiers
Had curiares(taxes payed based on income)
Edict of Milan
Toleration of Christianity
Flavian Dynasty
Ruled by Vespasian, then Titan, then Domitian
A military dynasty
First non aristocrats to rule
Ends because they had no sons
Odoacer
The Germanic King following the fall of Western Rome
Tetrarchy
Government by 4 men
2 Augustus and 2 Ceasers
Sadducees
Upper class Jews
Served Rome
Most literal in Rome
Lived cooperatively within Rome
Essenes
Monastic Community
Jesus was an Essenes
isolated themselves to focus on faith
Zealots
Believed in the violent overthrow of the Roman Empire due to divide between church and Rome
Pharisees
Modern day Judaism comes from their traditions
Humanism
an outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters
St. Paul of Tarsus
Was a hellenized Jew(accepting of Roman traditions)
Known as the second founder of Christianity
“Oikumene” - credited for this religion
Started to see the spark of Christianity
St. Benedict
Was the first to establish Monestary(buildings occupied by Monks)
Was in a monestary
St. Augustine
Made “confessions” and “City of God”(Both are books)
St. Jerome
“Vulgate”(common) version of the bible
Translated the bible to common language
City of God
Was a book warning to Christians that they must continue their faith even through the falling of Rome
Arius
A Christian Priest
Believes he is teaching Christianity to other people
Believes god is divine, believes Jesus was a man
Believed only god was divine
People thought of him as a heretic(anyone who does not follow the official teachings of the church)
Was put to death for being a heretic
Byzantine
Old eastern part of Roman Empire
Christian, Greek Language, Greek Culture
Justinian
Inherits rule from his father
Codify Law(Creates a solid usable body of law)
Builds churches
Build the Hagia Sophia(Big church)
Theodora
The wife of Theodora
Called in the military during the Nika Riots to slaughter 35000 people who were against the emperor
Nika Riots
2 teams in charriot races, the green team and blue team, pro emperor vs anti emperor
Crowd becomes very anti emperor and Theodora calls in military to slaughter 35000 people against the emperor
Hagia Sophia
The brilliant Church
Built under Justinians rule
Corpus Juris Civilis
Civil law
Mohammed
Born in Mecca
Left Mecca and went to dessert and received a message, the birth of Islam
The “Jesus” of Islam
Dies in 632
Five Pillars of Faith
1.Profession-Public confession of what you believe in
2.Prayer-Pray 5 times a day
3.Almsgiving-A donation of the best of your ability
4.Fasting During Ramadan- From sunrise to sundown
5.Pilgrimage to Mecca- Visit Mecca once a year
Hegira
When Muhammed left Medina
Koran
Quran
The Islamic sacred book
Hadith
Stories of Muhammed’s life
Mecca
City where Muhammed was born
City is similar to NYC
Medina
A holy city to Islam
Missi Dominici
Royal Messengers
Delivered edicts(important messages)
Charlemagne
New king after Clovis
King of the Franks
Frankish kingdom diminished in power
Start to see the futile system(collection of taxes)
Christians
Carolingian renaissance
Teaching people to be literate so they can follow the bible and the church
Treaty of Verdum
After Charlemagnes death
3 sons split the rule
Peace of God
Issued by the king
You cannot fight an unarmed person
Limit where you can fight
Limit the days you can fight(cannot fight on holy days)
Agricultural Improvements
Go from a 2 crop to a 3 crop rotation
Switch to using horses
Wind and water mills
Used heavy power
Domesday Book
Similar to the modern day census poll
Helps give the king an idea of what he was ruling
Magna Carta
People did not want a powerful king so the government created the Magna Carter
The king is not above the law, he is apart of the law
Forced by his nobles to sign it
Eleanor of Aquitaine
A Frankish queen
Frankish king asks for her troops, she joins the second crusade with her troops
They lose the second crusade, from this point on no women are ever allowed to fight again
Louise IX
Creates a central government
Creates the parliement(refers to a judicial body)
Concordat of Worms
Agreement between church and state that says the church appoints the church, the king is apart of the ceremony
Inquisition
Anyone person who is a heretic, would be put in a case by the inquisition
Goal was to get people to follow the teachings of the church
Invesiture Controversy
Who appoints bishop? State or church?
King is becoming more powerful, but the church wants to hold onto some of that power
Children’s Crusade
Two children here a calling from “Jesus” goes out for this call. They are taken by Hugo the Pig and William the Iron, sold to slavery/kidnapped
William the Pig/Hugo the Iron
Took Nicholas and Steven to sell into slavery, died on the ship on the way to sell them
Catharism
Belief in conflicting forces
