Exam 2 Flashcards
Lincoln Steffans
Journalist writes about city corruption
1909 publishes the shame of the cities
Hazen Pingree
Mayor of Detroit
begin doing gas and water socialism - cities take over these
Mayors looking to change this and seek control from Bosses
He won public approval for a citizen-owned electric light plant and became a national spokesman for municipal ownership and public regulation of utilities and street railways.
Samuel “Golden Rule” Jones
Progressive Era Mayor of Toledo, Ohio 1897 - 1904
Ethic of Reciprocity
Granger Laws
1870s regulated the fees grain elevator companies and railroads charged farmers to store and transport their crops.
Munn v. Illinois (1876)
The state is controlling what he can do with private property.
The state says if it deals with the public interest, the state has the right to regulate.
(grain elevator)
Wabash v. Illinois (1886)
(Railroads)
states have the right to regulate railroads but this fails the supreme court bc a state can’t regulate a company that crosses a state line
Interstate Commerce Commission (1887)
The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 is a United States federal law that was designed to regulate the railroad industry, particularly its monopolistic practices. The Act required that railroad rates be “reasonable and just,” but did not empower the government to fix specific rates.
Sherman Anti-trust Act (1890)
The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 is a United States antitrust law that regulates competition among enterprises, which was passed by Congress under the presidency of Benjamin Harrison. It is named for Sen. John Sherman, its principal author.
1920 census
% of Americans lived in urban areas (comparable to a small town today). Turns America into a small society and impacts consumer culture (buying needs, not making them).
Fredrick Windslow Taylor
Evaluated work scientifically to eliminate unions-workers “decide” how much they work, encouraged efficiency in workers job’s. If quota is met=paid, if quota overdone= bonus
Henry Ford
assembly line, encouraged efficiency, efficiency increases price decreases
Scientific management
Fredrick Windslow Taylor-eliminate unions
Henry Ford- assembly line increases efficiency, lower prices
1920’s started off with everything electric/solar powered, government banned so gas companies could make money.
5$ Day
Henry Ford increased wages so he made more profit off of car sales.
Purchasing Power
Sellers convinced consumers they needed something, rather than just wanting it
New Middle class
consumer oriented economy and mass entertainment, brought about new hairstyles, gender roles and dress.
Advertising the American Dream
They advertised random objects mainly to women (house-shoppers) to promote keeping their husbands and kids happy
Welfare Capitalism
Americans getting involved with credit, debt used to be feared now businesses provide welfare services to their employees.
3rd Industrial Revolution
brought electricity and the assembly line- toasters, washing machine, vacuum- consumer based economy
Rural Counterattack
attack on countryside by citywide
Red Summer of 1919
Red Summer was a period in mid-1919 during which white supremacist terrorism and racial riots occurred in more than three dozen cities across the United States, and in one rural county in Arkansas.
New Woman
New material, shorter hair and less clothing emerged.
New Negro
Americans began trying to hide their children from jazz/rock music because it is traditionally black.
“return to normalcy”
still change emerging economically, socially, and politically
Immigration Acts (1921-1924)
Immigrants considered “feeble minded” for wanting education for their kids, restricted immigration 1924- Series of laws that are passed to restrict access to the US
1921- Lawmakers looked at the census in 1900 and made quotas of people from different countries and races, but in 1900 there was still too much culture and diversity so the racist lawmakers thought “LeTs gO bAcK tO 1890!!” And made the quotas even smaller
southern/Eastern Europe rather than immigrants from northern/Western Europeans because Americans feared them.
The Fundamentals (1911)
Those that wrote books about religion- claimed modern world trampled past traditions, Fundamentals saved the work of reading the bible - told you what passages of the bible mattered and what they meant
Notions of christianity are evolving and changing
Don’t worry about purging yourself of sin - christ already took care of it (complete opposite of social gospel from earlier)
For folks like KKK, job is to protect and preserve 100% american family values aka no immigrants/non-white folks
Scopes case (1925)
The Scopes “monkey trial” was the moniker journalist H. L. Mencken applied to the 1925 prosecution of a criminal action brought by the state of Tennessee against high school teacher John T. Scopes for violating the state’s Butler Act, which prohibited the teaching of evolution in public schools.
KKK
sexual identity lynching emerged
Jim Crow
Entertainer who performed in black face and stereotyped black people, institutionalized by the south.
Moses “Fleetwood” Walker
played baseball before it was a segregated sport
Kennesaw “mountain” Lands
New baseball commissioner who made the sport whites only, also colored leagues created.
Tulsa (1921)
Two day long race massacre by white supremacists, Blocks were burned and killed while purging non-whites.
Rosewood (1923)
viscous and violent assault, whites rampaged and killed anyone (children, woman, anyone.)
Richard Wright
Author who wrote books related to the plight of African Americans during the late 19th to mid 20th centuries suffering discrimination and violence
Al Jolson
highest paid star, jazz performer
The Dyer Bill
Anti-lynching bill
The Scottsboro Boys (1934)
The Scottsboro Boys were nine African American male teenagers accused in Alabama of raping two white women in 1931. The landmark set of legal cases from this incident dealt with racism and the right to a fair trial.
Nixon V. Herndon (1927)
Grovey V. Townsend (1935)
Smith V. Allwright (1944)
Supreme Ct says an all white primary is unconstitutional, TX still does nothing to change.
TX still makes no changes
Supreme Ct states again all white primaries are unconstitutional.
Jim Crow wanted “traditional white families” instituted this with separation for power.
Dawes Act (1922)
Lent money to Europe to rebuild economies and pay back US banks, instead of them just giving money to US so ppl wouldnt think American banks arent doing well.
Dr. Spock
phenomenon for mothers, he wrote books on how to raise kids while never having raised any
Great Bull Market
rapid economic growth, rising asset prices, and increased consumer spending.
Black Tuesday
the stock market plummeted and the U.S. plunged into the Great Depression. Widespread bank failures, wiped investors out financially.
“sick” industries
one that had existed for at least five years and had incurred accumulated losses equal to or exceeding its entire net worth at the end of any financial year.
Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930)
the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act increased U.S. tariffs on agricultural imports and more than 20,000 imported goods. The tariffs imposed were the second-highest in American history. The goal was to protect American farmers who were most affected by the Great Depression.
soup kitchens, bread lines, and Hoovervilles
soup kitchens and bread lines: methods of feeding the neediest people in America, the only food some unemployed Americans had.
Hoovervilles: shack towns and homeless encampments
RFC (1932)
reconstruction financial corporation: It lent money to the banks, instead of banks lending it out to people they kept it and went bankrupt, Hoover did this to keep banks from crashing
Bonus Army (1932)
a bonus was set for soldiers in the military, Hoover ends up wiping this out and sending in troops to quell the homeless veteren protests
Election of 1932
FDR beat Hoover by a landslide by majority vote, first time a democrat has in 80 years, middle class and minorities all voted for democrat because of hoovers dismissal of the gr8 depression
EBA
Emergency banking act, eight day bank holiday bill passed in the midst of the Great Depression that took steps to stabilize and restore confidence in the U.S. banking system. It came in the wake of a series of bank runs following the stock market crash of 1929.
FERA
federal emergency relief administration, a grant-making agency authorized to distribute federal aid to the states for relief