Exam 2 Flashcards
What are arteries?
They are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
What are the characteristics of arteries?
Aorta, rigid, thick walls, high pressure
What are veins?
Blood vessels that return blood to the heart
What are the characteristics of veins?
Super and inferior vena cava, not rigid, thinner walls, lower pressure, and one-way values
What are the layers of an artery and a vein?
Tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa
What is blood pressure?
The force exerted on the blood vessels when the heart contracts and relaxes
What is systolic?
Contraction
What is diastolic?
Relaxation
What is the blood pressure read as?
in mmHg, systolic over diastolic pressure
What is the normal blood pressure?
120/80
What is a sphygmomanometer?
A machine used to measure blood pressure from the brachial artery
What does inflating the cuff do to the blood flow?
constrict it in the blood vessel
What is the first sound you hear through the stethoscope?
The systolic pressure
What causes the sounds we hear in the stethoscope?
The flow of blood
What is diastolic pressure through the stethoscope?
When you do not hear any noise
What is laminar flow?
When blood flows in layers within the lumen of blood vessels, the layers in the middle of the lumen flow fastest
What happens to the BP when the lumen diameter increases?
It decreases
What is hypertension?
High BP
What is hypotension?
Low BP
What is Normotension?
average BP
What is Korotkoff’s sound?
Blood pressure after contraction
What is MAP?
mean arterial pressure
What is the formula of MAP?
DP + 1/3 PP
What is PP?
Systolic-diastolic
What is good about conductive arteries?
A thick tunica media has a large amount of elastic fibers, an example is the aorta.
What are neutrophils?
2-5 lobed nuclei, they are increased due to bacterial infections
What are eosinophils?
2 lobed nuclei, large pink granules. Increased due to allergic reactions and parasitic infections
What are basophils?
Large, violet granules. 2 lobed nuclei and increased due to allergic reactions and cancer
What are lymphocytes?
Large and round nuclei increased due to viral infections
What are monocytes?
Horseshoe-shaped nuclei increased due to viral and fungal infections
What are antigens?
Any substance to which the immune system can respond
What are antibodies?
Any substance that binds to and reacts with a specific antigen
What antigens and antibodies do type A have?
Antigen A and Anti-B antibodies
What antigens and antibodies do type B have?
Antigen B and Anti-A antibodies
What antigens and antibodies do type AB have?
Antigen A and Antigen B, no antibodies
What antigens and antibodies do type O have?
No antigen, both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
What is the universal recipient?
AB positive
What is the universal donor?
O negative
What does it mean if the type is Rh +?
It can receive both Rh + and - blood.
