Exam 2 Flashcards
Atkinson & Shiffrin Modal Model of Memory
an information-processing approach to memory; how information flows from the environment through sensory storage and short-term storage to long-term memory (model)
Echoic Memory
what has been said; lasts 2-3 seconds
Episodic Memory
the capacity to recollect single episodes from your life
Explicit Memory
declarative memory (episodic and semantic); stored in LTM
Iconic Memory
memory involved with vision; lasts ~1/2 seconds
Implicit Memory
nondeclarative memory; memories that influence your behavior without entering consciousness
Long Term Memory
where short-term memory goes by encoding; the information you keep for long periods of time
Priming
happens behind the scenes that you don’t know is happening that influences your behavior
Semantic Memory
your knowledge about the world
Sensory Memory
high capacity, short duration stores; where iconic and echoic memory happens
Sterling Study
presented 4x3 grid of random letters for 50 ms; conclusion - we have a iconic store with very high capacity, the duration is limited to ~1/2 seconds, found that reporting an answer requires transfer of information to short-term memory, this transfer takes time, only some information gets transferred before decay, and partial reporting may provide better data than whole reporting
Short Term Memory
holding something for a short-period of time
Brown-Peterson Distractor
showing the three words then showing a number and subtracting 7 from that number; doing something else while trying to memorize
Chunking
breaking up the segment and finding a shorter pattern to memorize
Corsi Test
different numbers displayed in a checkered grid, pause then try to put in correct square
Digit Span
shown a series of numbers, had to wait for a period of time, then recall
Double-dissociation
compare two things, find two independent variable
Kitsch & Bushke study
wanted to demonstrate that STM and LTM differ in how they encode information; presented 3 lists of words for recall (synonyms, homophones, control); conclusions - sysnonym confusion disrupted LTM, hurting primacy effect; homophone confusion disrupted STM, hurting recency effect; found that STM is sound-based and LTM is meaning-based
Phonological similarity effect
effects STM; poor recall for lists of words with similarly sounding items
Primacy effect
superior recall for the first few
Recency effect
superior recall for the last few items
Serial position curve
recall at the beginning and end is best (upside down bell-shaped) (primacy and recency effect
STM v. WM
stm is just a place the memories are stored for a short period of time; wm is the active mental workspace
Verbal STM
what is currently on your mind
Visual pattern span
a grid with shaded in blocks, a waiting period, then recall which boxes were shaded in
Visual STM
Word length effect
Baddeley & Hitch Study
Baddeley’s working memory model
Binding
Central executive
Confabulation
Episodic buffer
No word repetition test
Phonological loop
Supervisory attentional system
VSS
