Conditioning Flashcards
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
A stimulus that can eventually trigger a conditioned response
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
A stimulus that leads to an automatic response without any prior learning
Conditioned Response (CR)
A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus that occurs after conditioning
Unconditioned Response (UR)
A reflex action that occurs naturally and automatically in response to an unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned Reflex
The conditioned stimulus + the conditioned response
Unconditioned Reflex
The unconditioned stimulus + the unconditioned response
Generalization
A learnt reflex through BOTH operant and classical conditioning that can be used to other situations (ex. Piano tuner in place of bell; dog still salivates when dinged, but more/less depending on tone; the closer the tone to the original tone, the stronger the response
Discrimination
Opposite of generalization; trained to NOT respond to any tone other than the specified tone (ex. Rewarded for 500 htz, nothing for 450 htz)
Extinction
Getting rid of/undoing the conditioning you created
Spontaneous Recovery
Nervous system makes it hard for the conditioning to go away, so it’ll always be in your system so it may come back sometimes (retraining happens faster than first time)
2nd order Conditioning
Addition of another CS (balloon/dog example)
Counter conditioning
Suppressing an unwanted response by conditioning a competing one; overwhelm and replace with different response; 2 types (aversion & systemic)
Aversion Therapy
You currently like something and then turned into something you don’t like (addiction treatment; sheep/wolf example)
Systematic Desensitization
Currently don’t like something and then turned into something you like/tolerate (phobia of spider example; alleviating a phobia of something; replace negative reaction of a thing with a powerful positive reaction of that thing)
Conditioned Inhibition
Conditioned to NOT have a response; absence itself can lead to a conditioned repsonse
Blocking
One CS is more dominant than other CS; CR happens to be more dominant than other CS (loud tone, small light done at the same time & food is given; associated food with tone because the tone over powers the light)
Configural Conditioning
Various combination of CS1 & CS2 makes a different outcome
Latent Inhibition
Have a CS you are used to ignoring is learned to associate with nothing is now paired with something, making the new thing irrelevant (new, nonsense things makes learning quicker)
Opponent Process Learning
When UR is opposite CR (not same behavior); thinking about it makes you do it (meth example)
Discriminative Stimuli
Defines situations; “if you do this, you might get a reward” (gambling)
Shaping
Gravitate towards good behaviors instead of bad behaviors due to past experiences/actions; slowly moving towards a goal (dog/monkey example — steps)
Chaining
Doing multiple things in a certain order; last item is usually trained first (dog triathlon example)
Positive Reinforcement
Something presented to encourage a behavior (good/desired)
Negative Reinforcement
Something that is taken away to encourage a behavior (bad/dreaded)
Positive Punishment
Something that is presented to DIScourage a behavior (bad/dreaded)
Negative Punishment
Something that is taken away to DIScourage a behavior (good/desired)
Escape Response
Lead from negative reinforcements (seatbelt example)
Avoidance Response
Just not putting yourself in a situation you may have to escape from
Fixed Ratio Schedule
Something leading up to the “prize”
Variable Ratio Schedule
Ratio behavior to get reward (do behavior 5 times one day, 20 the next); can lead to addictive behaviors; excitement of not knowing (gambling)
Fixed Interval Schedule
Ability to earn reward after a fixed passage of time; wage/hour worker (works, but doesn’t motivate to do a good job)
Variable Interval Schedule
Some passage of time is associated with reward (average); unsure how long is needed to earn reward (social media likes example; gambling)
Primary Reinforcer
Needs, survival; make for very reliable reinforcer; basically torture
Secondary Reinforcer
Learn to like/dislike (up to individual person)
Extrinsic Reinforcer
Comes from outside of you/from someone else; you don’t control it (ex. Money from a job)
Intrinsic Reinforcer
Self-motivated behaviors, you control yourself; do something because you like to do it
Latent Learning
Learning in the absence of reinforcement (we do it but we don’t show it)
Response Consequence Interval (RCI)
You do a behavior and then there is a delay before a consequence (the longer the RCI, the less effective conditioning will be; the longer the wait, the more time something else could happen in between, ex. Aspirin/tequila example)
Discounting the future
Engage in a behavior because of immediate/short-term win, but long-term loss (makes operant conditioning less predictable)
Precommitment
A way to avoid future mistakes (telling yourself to make right choice, but then make wrong choice; pre-commit to never be in “red dot” situation)
Premack principle
Do a behavior you don’t like to be able to do a behavior you do like (gramma’s rule “eat you spinach before playing”)
Equilibrium theory
Recognition that we all have bliss points; anything that gets you closer to your bliss point is a reward, anything that keeps you or pushes you over can be a punishment
Absolute associations
Something literal is associated with the consequence (if animal goes to same color)
Transpositions
The relationship between two things (animal notices the color pattern, sticks to the darker color)
