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Clinical Chemistry > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

The phospholipid bilayer, maintain the fluidity

A

cell membrane

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2
Q

Helps us maintain heat

A

thermal insulator

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3
Q

The basis for hormone synthesis

A

chloresterol

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4
Q

Simple C-H chain that terminates in carboxyl group

A

fatty acid

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5
Q

Lipids are composed mainly of

A

carbon-hydrogen bond

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6
Q

Carbon-carbon double bonds fatty acid

A

Unsaturated

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7
Q

No double bond fatty acid

A

Saturated

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8
Q

Configuration that both hydrogen atoms on the same side of double bond, can cause a bend in molecular structure, increase space that require when pack together, more fluid

A

cis configuration

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9
Q

triglycerides that oil at RT and a plant source

A

unsaturated

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10
Q

Configuration that has physical properties similar to saturated fatty acid, not common in nature

A

trans configuration

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11
Q

unsaturated steroid alcohol, synthesis by animals, amphipathic, plant-phytosterols

A

cholesterol

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12
Q

delivery fuel to peripheral cell, amphipathic cholesterol and phospholipid on the surface, hydrophobic and neutral triglyceride and cholesterol esters on the inside

A

lipoproteins

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13
Q

help maintain structural integrity on lipoproteins, serve as ligands, activators and inhibitors of various enzymes

A

apolipoproteins

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14
Q

hyaluronidase is added to which fluid prior to analysis

A

synovial

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15
Q

what is the reference range for fasting glucose

A

70-99

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16
Q

which of the following Ha1c result would best correspond to 126

A

6%

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17
Q

most abundant cation in ECF and determines the osmolarity of plasma

A

sodium

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18
Q

expected pO2 arterial circulation

A

90mmHg

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19
Q

does not describe phospholipid

A

unsaturation steroid alcohol

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20
Q

CSF electrophoresis is used for diagnosis of

A

multiple sclerosis

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21
Q

conversion of glucose, and other hexoses, into lactate and pyruvate for production of energy is called

A

glycolysis

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22
Q

lipoproteins that transports exogenous triglycerides

A

chylomicron

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23
Q

which type of tube can not be run on electrolytes

A

lavender

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24
Q

patient has a glucose of 150 what would you expect their CSF glucose

A

92

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25
Q

equation for calculate LDL

A

total protein - hdl - trg/5

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26
Q

byproduct of anaerobic metabolism, monitoring in ill patient, avoid tourniquet

A

lactase

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27
Q

non-reducing sugar

A

sucrose

28
Q

what is the index value of csf to sereum albumin to indicate an intact blood brain barrier

A

<9

29
Q

csf glucose should be how much of serum glucose

A

60-70%

30
Q

hormone that does not regulate calcium
AVP
PTH
vitamin D
calcitonin

A

AVP

31
Q

Full compensation of bicarb:carbonic

A

20:1

32
Q

CSF protein should be how much of serum protein

A

0.5-1%

33
Q

lipids composes mainly of which bonds

A

carbon-hydrogen

34
Q

produce by intestine, transports exogenous triglycerides, hydrophobic core

A

chylomicrons

35
Q

produced by liver, major carrier of endogenous triglycerides, hydrophobic core

A

VLDL

36
Q

synthesized from VLDL in blood circulation

A

LDL

37
Q

synthesize by both liver and intestine, reverse cholesterol transport, smallest

A

HDL

38
Q

group of condition causing arteries to build up

A

arterioclerosis

39
Q

specific type of arteriosclerosis

A

atherosclerosis

40
Q

osmolal gap

A

difference between calculated and determined osmolality, should be less than 5-10 units

41
Q

the major intracellular cation in body, concentration 20 times greater inside than the outside

A

potassium

42
Q

a sic walt

A

hypokalemia

43
Q

murder

A

hyperkalemia

44
Q

major extracellular anion, maintain osmolality, blood volume

A

chloride

45
Q

second most abundant anion in ECF

A

bicarb

46
Q

4th most abundant cation in body, second intracellularly

A

Magnesium

47
Q

essential for myocardial contraction, part of bones

A

calcium

48
Q

found everywhere in living cells, participates in key biochemical processes, 80% in bone

A

phosphorus

49
Q

Phosphate: reabsorption inhibited by PTH
Calcium: reabsorbed under influence of PTH
Magnesium: reabsorption occurs in Henle’s loop
Sodium: reabsorbed through three mechanisms
Chloride: reabsorbed by passive transport in proximal tubule
Potassium: reabsorbed by two mechanisms
Bicarbonate: recovered from glomerular filtrate

A

renal tubules

50
Q

classification based on e properties
– Size of base carbon chain
– Location of the CO function
group
– Number of sugar units
– Stereochemistry of the
compound

A

carbohydrate

51
Q

2 forms of carbohydrate

A

aldose, ketose

52
Q

Formed when two monosaccharide units are joined by a glycosidic linkage.
During hydrolysis split into two monosaccharides by disaccharide enzymes

A

disaccharides

53
Q

structure that linkage of many monosaccharides

A

polysaccharides

54
Q

the stored form of glucose that’s made up of many connected glucose molecules

A

glycogen

55
Q

breakdown of glycogen to glucose for use as energy

A

glycogenolysis

56
Q

formation of glucose-6-phosphate from non carbohydrate sources

A

gluconeogenesis

57
Q

conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage

A

glycogenesis

58
Q

insulin from pancreatic beta cells

A

fed state

59
Q

glucagon from pancreatic alpha cells

A

fasting state

60
Q

HbA1c> 6.5%
fasting plasma glucose >126
2h plasma glucose >200
random plasma glucose >200

A

diabetes mellitus

61
Q

epinephrine from adrenal medulla

A

fight or flight

62
Q

> 140 mg/dL one hour after 50-g glucose load screening
TWO of four results abnormal in 100 g glucose load test:
fasting plasma glucose > 95 mg/dL
180 mg/dL at 1 hr
155 mg/dL at 2 hrs
140 mg/dL at 3 hrs

A

gestational diabetes

63
Q

irreversible reaction occurring throughout the 120-day life span of RBC
reflects timed average [glucose] over previous 4-8 weeks

A

Glycated hemoglobin

64
Q

4 main markers of CSF

A

glucose, protein, lactate, glutamine

65
Q

CSF prealbumin higher concentrations than serum is consider

A

normal

66
Q

Normal value of index of CSF IgnG

A

<0.73

67
Q

Formed by the combination of ammonia and glutamate, Elevated in patients with hepatic encephalopathy

A

glutamine

Clinical Chemistry (6 decks)

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