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BS3 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What attaches to the mammillary process of the lumbar vertebrae?

A

Multifidus

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2
Q

Are the sacral ligaments pain provoking?

A

Yes! Bc they have sensory nerve fibers that surround the ligaments

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3
Q

What is the impact of a hyperlordotic posture or anterior pelvic tilt on lumbosacral angle?

A

Increases the angle which then increases shear forces and thus more sliding of L5 on S1 (which decreases stability)

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4
Q

What structures prevent spondylolisthesis (fracture and slippage of Pars Interarticularis)?

A

All, IVD, iliolumbar ligaments, facet joint capsules, frontal plane orientation of lower L-spine vertebrae which decreases the liklihood of anterior slippage (which is the most common slippage in Spondylolisthesis in L-spine)

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5
Q

What is more stable, nutation or counternutation?

A

Nutation stability > Counternutation

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6
Q

What happens to the lumbar spine during Anterior Pelvic Tilt? Which way does nucleus pulposus move?

A

· Anterior pelvic tilt is coupled with lumbar extension
· The lumbar extension causes the nucleus pulposus to migrate anteriorly

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7
Q

How does muscle activation increase tension in the thoracolumbar fascia during lifting?

A

1) TrA, Internal Oblique, and Latissimus Dorsi create external torque
2) Gluteus Maximus controls hips while stabilizing SIJ
3) Latissimus Dorsi produces lumbar extension via attachment to posterior pelvis, sacrum, and spine

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8
Q

Why is the femoral head at risk for avascular necrosis?

A

Because the ligamentum teres runs through the femoral head and supplies blood to the hip thus any damage would increase risk of loss of blood supply

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9
Q

Bets position of decreased intracapsular pressure for joint effusion?

A

60° of Hip Flexion

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10
Q

Whats a normal compensation for excessive anteversion?

A

Pigeon toeing (increase IR) to compensate for the excessive ER

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11
Q

What motion is ALWAYS limited in a capsular pattern of the Femoroacetabular Joint

A

· IR is always limited
· Most to least limited is usually flexion, ABD, IR (order can vary though)

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12
Q

What motions are most provoking for a pt with an intra-articular problem of Femoroacetabular Joint?

A

· Flexion, ADD, and IR due to increased joint surface congruency so increased compression and thus increased pain
· Increased intracapsular pressure thus increased pain

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13
Q

Unhappy Triad of Knee

A

· MCL
· ACL
· Medial Meniscus

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14
Q

Where is the most vs least amount of contact between the patella and femur?

A

· Most contact at 90-60° of knee flexion OKC
· Least contact at 30-0° of knee flexion OKC (and no contact at full extension)

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15
Q

What positions would be most comfortable for pt with patellafemoral pain?

A

Between 30-0° of knee flexion bc least amount of contact between patella and trochlear groove of femur

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16
Q

ACL vs PCL Function

A

· ACL: limits anterior translation of tibia during TKE
· PCL: limits posterior translation of tibia during flexion

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17
Q

What is the main function of the collateral ligaments of the knee?

A

· Limit frontal plane motion (MCL- limits valgus, LCL- limits varus)
· Stabilize the knee in extension

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18
Q

Purpose of patella for quad function

A

· Patella increases the IMA so the quads can generate more torque

19
Q

What does the Illiopsoas blend in to?

A

· Labrum
· Anterior-medial hip capsule

20
Q

High Ankle Sprain Method and Ligaments

A

· Anterior and Posterior Tib-Fib Ligaments
· Method: DF and eversion

21
Q

What tendons provide stability to plantar surface of foot?

A

· FDL
· FHL
· Post Tib
· Fib Long
· ABD Hallucis

22
Q

Where might the lateral malleolus sit in someone with chronic ankle instability?

A

Inferior and Anterior due to excessive ligament pull

23
Q

How does Hallus Limitus/Rigidus affect gait?

A

· Degenerative disorder that affects MTP extension so affects gait because you need MTP extension

24
Q

What is the only muscle that can evert?

A

Fibularis

25
Q

Importance of Posterior Tib during gait

A

· Concentric contraction to supinate ankle during push off
· Eccentric contraction to decelerate pronation during weight acceptance

26
Q

What happens when gait speed increases?

A

· Time in DL support decreases
· Cadence and stride length increase

27
Q

What is a benefit to a slower gait speed?

A

More time spent in DL support thus more balance

28
Q

What is the windlass effect during gait?

A

· Windlass effect is MTP extension which winds up the plantar fascia thus increasing the medial longitudinal arch to stabilize the midfoot and forefoot for pushoff

29
Q

What will a lack of MTP extension cause?

A

Lack of MTP extension will result in pes planus bc without MTP extension the plantar fascia will not wind up to stabilize the foot for push off

30
Q

When is the knee vs hip in maximal knee flexion during gait cycle?

A

· Knee max flexion during Initial Swing (60°)
· Hip max flexion during Mid Swing (30°)

31
Q

A patient with R hip OA is unable to extend their hip past 0° (neutral). What gait phases are most affected?

A

· Terminal Stance
· Pre-Swing

32
Q

A patient cant DF their ankle past 0° (neutral). What gait phase is most affected?

A

· Mid-stance
· Terminal Stance
· Pre-Swing

33
Q

What is the maximum hip flexion and extension needed for gait?

A

· Max Flexion: 30° (Mid-Sw)
· Max Extension: 10-20° (Terminal Stance)

34
Q

What is the maximum knee flexion in stance and swing for gait?

A

· Max Flexion in Stance: 15° (Mid stance)
· Max Flexion in Swing: 60° (Initial Swing)

35
Q

What is the maximum ankle DF and PF during gait?

A

· Max DF: 10° (Terminal Stance)
· Max PF: 20° (Pre-Swing)

36
Q

What is the most common position for hip dislocation?

A

· Posterior glide (bc convex femur on concave pelvis in OKC flexion)

37
Q

Frontal Plane Ankle Motion during Gait

A

·IC: supinated (post/lat)
·LR: supinated (lat)
· MS: pronated
· Ts/PSw: supinated

38
Q

What normally causes contractures?

A

· Prolonged immobilization, trauma, scar tissue, etc

39
Q

What is a gait compensation for lack of ankle DF?

A

· Genurecurvatum (Knee HyperExtension)

40
Q

Main function of Fibularis Longus?

A

Controls the 1st ray

41
Q

What direction is GRF at the Knee during LR and what structures counter it?

A

· GRF is medial to the knee, pulling it into varus
· Lateral structures including ITB and lateral ligaments of the knee counter the varus

42
Q

Major period for brain growth relating to independent locomotion in infants?

A

· 3-10 months

43
Q

What is the most unstable phase of ascending stair negotiation?

A

Pull-up phase (bc SL)

BS3 (2 decks)

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