Exam 2 Flashcards
hen
female chicken
rooster
male chicken
chick
young chickens
pullet
young female chicken
capon
castrated male chicken
broiler
any chicken that bred and raised for meat
layer
up to 72 months but typically 1 year
white leghorn
most white egg producing chicken breed
cornish rock
excellent meat producer
RI red
large brown eggs with barred Plymouth rock
vertical integration
type of egg production
contract producer
owns the facilities, equipment, land and provides labor
hatchery
chick 0-8 weeks
sow
breeding female pig
gilt
female pig that has not been bred
boar
breeding male pig
barrow
castrated male pig
weaned pigs
weaned at 21 days of age and 13-15 pounds at weaning
grower and finishing pigs
-pigs will be moved from the nursery to a finishing barn to continue growing.
-consume 6-10 pounds of feed daily
biosecurity
-minimize the risk of disease transmission from sources outside the production unit
-reduces the transmission of diseases among groups of pigs on the same farm
intermuscular fat
fat that is between the different muscles
intramuscular fat
fat that is within the muscle also referred to as marbling
monogastric
-one true stomach
-pigs require high energy feed that consists of corn and soybean
market weight for pigs
280 pounds
heifer
immature female that has not had a calf
bull
intact male
cow
intact female
calf
offsprings
colostrum
mom produces for the babies to build their immune system and if the mom doesn’t have enough must be supplied to the babies
mastitis
inflammation/infection with the mammary tissue and can be caused by E. coli and will experience high somatic count
lactation for cow
305 days
pasteurization
food safety method
milking parlor
room designed to mass milk a big group of cows
hypocalcemia
-milk fever
-common after a cow gives birth
-caused by severe drop in blood concentrations
body temp
cow- 101.4-102.8
chicken- 105.0-109.4
swine- 101.6-103.6
estrous cycle
swine and cow- 21 days
genus and species
cow- bos indicus and bos taurus
swine- sus and scrofa domesticus
chicken- gallus gallus domesticus
incubation for chicken
21 days
gestation period
swine- 114 days
cow- 283 days
which breed of cow produces the most milk
holstein
what breed of cows produces the most protein and fat in milk
jersey cow
what states are the top producers for eggs
Iowa, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas
what states are the top producers for chicken meat
Georgia, Alabama, Arkansas, North Carolina, Mississippi
how are poultry digestion different
monogastric omnivores and have a specialized avion tract, have a gizzard
how is nutrition with poultry and swine the same
they compete for the same concentrated feeds like grain, soybean and by-product feeds
what bacterium is found on the outside of eggshells and how can this be contained
-salmonella
-methods of washing
which country produces the most pork
china
which states in the US produce the most pork
Iowa, Minnesota, North Carolina
how much do pigs weigh in the nursery phase
50-60 pounds
most popular breed of swine in the US
Yorkshire (1st), Duroc (2nd), Berkshire (3rd)
why do pasteurize milk
to get rid of any bacteria and improve the quality of the milk
what are the top milk producing states in the US
California, Wisconsin, Idaho
what are the top milk producing countries
India, USA, China
how do we test milk
somatic cell count, bacteria counts, and checking milk for the presence of antibiotics
what is key for healthy cows and high quality milk
proper nutrition, cleanliness, milking protocols, comfort and vaccination/management
what percentage of broilers are reared by contract producers
90%
how many days post calving does a cow reach peak production
50-70
how much should piglets weigh at birth
2-3 pounds
what type of egg laying operation results in a higher risk of chicken losses due to crushing
cage free layered
