Exam 1 Flashcards
Buck
Mature male goat
Doe
Mature female goat
Kid
Goat offspring
Doeling
Female offspring
Buckling
Male offspring
Wether
Castrated male goat
Ram
Mature male sheep
Ewe
Mature female sheep
Lamb
Young sheep (under a one year)
Bull
Mature male cow
Cow
Mature female
Steer
Castrated male cow
Heifer
Immature female that has not had a calf
Calf
Cow offspring
Utilitarianism
An action is right if and only if it produces the most overall happiness of all available actions
Kantianism
This moral theory rejects the utilitarian view that consequences are all that matter, instead it says that the moral worth of an action depends only on its intentions
Animal rights
-Is a philosophy of the standing of animals in relation to human society
-Does not support the use of animals if it does benefit for both animals and humans
Animal welfare
-Concerned with the well-being and care of an animal while providing care for human needs
-Supports the use of animal care if done so in a healthy perspective way
Genome
All of the genetic material in an organism
Allele
Various forms of a given gene
Gene
Smaller segments of DNA, within the large molecules
Forages
-Tend to have high protein and energy with low fiber
-Quality of forage depends on when it was harvested
-High moisture forages are pasture
-Dried forages are hay
-Silages can also be forages
Roughages
-Feeds with high fiber content, low digestibility, and low weight per unit volume
-Typically, straw as well as grass and legumes that have a greater fiber content
Concentrates
-Concentrated source of energy and protein
-Energy concentrates include brewery byproducts, cereal grains, animal and veggie fats, beet pulp, fruits, bakery waste
-Protein concentrates include seeds, oilseed meals, animals/poultry byproducts, non-protein nitrogen, dried distillers/brewers’ grains
Growth
-Process of increasing in size (need to be able to grow bone, muscle, fat)
-Essential for animal health
-Basis for production animal operations
-Animals nutrients affect ability to grow properly
What are the building blocks for growth?
-Protein
-Energy
-Hormones (fats and carbs)
-Genetics
Scrapie
-Causes neurological disorders in sheep
-Infective agent: prion
Transmission: contact with “birth fluid”
Bloat
-Excessive accumulation of gas within the rumen
-If not relieved, it can become very severe, can cause compression of the heart and lungs and lead to death
-Cause: changes in diet/feed the animal is on as well as structural abnormalities
Estrous cycle length
Sheep:17 days
Goat:21 days
Cow: 21 days
Gestation period
Sheep and goat: 150 days
Cow: 283 days
Normal body temp
Sheep:100.9-103.8 degrees F
Goats:101.3-103.5 degrees F
Cow:101.5 degrees F (can range from 98-102.4 degrees F)
Importer and exporters of lamb
-China is the largest importer
Artificial selection
When humans have control in the breeding process
Natural selection
When animals can breed when they want with no human interference
How can we use genetics to select for certain desirable production traits?
Animal breeding is the application of genetic principles to improve the efficiency of production of farm animals
The lactation length of goats
284 days
When do goat and sheep go into heat?
During the fall and they are short day breeders
When do cattle come into heat?
All year around
What is the most popular breed of beef cattle in the US?
Black Angus
Bos taurus
Found more in Europe
Bos indicus
Found more near India, warmer weather year around
Scours
-Calf diarrhea
-Causes: infectious agents (bacteria, viruses and protozoa, as well as noninfectious causes)
Five freedoms
-Freedom from thirst, hunger and malnutrition
-Freedom from discomfort
-Freedom from pain, injury and disease
-Freedom from fear and distress
-Freedom to express normal behavior
Important health preventions cattle
-Maintaining a healthy herd
-Adequate nutrition
-Good sanitation
-Vaccinations
-Parasite control
Products produced
-Meat
-Milk
-Fiber
-Leather, blankets. etc.
Breed of goat that produces the most milk
Saanen
Breed of goat that has most protein and fat in milk
Nigerian dwarf
How to tell a sheep’s age without birthdate
-Teeth
How to measure stress in animals
Measuring blood
