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Social Psych of Leisure > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 universal psychological needs according to the basic psychological needs theory?

A

Relatedness: meaningful relationships, sense of belonging
Competence: feeling capable, mastery, effective in actions
Autonomy: in control of behavior, choices, ownership

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2
Q

What are the aspects of Iso-Ahola’s Model of Leisure Behavior?

A

escaping personal environments
escaping interpersonal environments
seeking personal rewards
seeking interpersonal rewards

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3
Q

What is perceived freedom?

A

perceiving one’s actions as voluntary

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4
Q

What are the two types of control?

A

Primary: directly influencing one’s world
Secondary: maintaining control by accepting or adjusting to situation

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5
Q

Langer and Rodin’s control study?

A

old people, one group responsible for taking care of self and room, other group nurses did
30% of residents in second group died 18 months later compared to 15% in 1st group

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6
Q

What is learned helplessness?

A

learning that your action do not impact the world around you

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7
Q

what is the psychological reactance theory

A

threat to perceived freedom –> aversive state –> psychological reactance: motivation to restore freedom

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8
Q

What is intrinsic motivation

A

people like the activity, feels good

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9
Q

What are the 3 types of intrinsic motivation identified by Vallerand and Losier?

A

IM towards knowledge, towards accomplishment, towards experiencing stimulation

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10
Q

What are the categories in the Organismic Integration Theory?

A

Intrinsic: activity itself
Integrated: part of identity
Identified: activity is important
Introjected: internal pressures
External: external to activity
Amotivation: lack of motivation

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11
Q

What is an example of how to measure extrinsic motivation?

A

BREQ questionnaire

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12
Q

What did they find in the articles that tested the relationship between different types of motivation and exercise behavior?

A

more self-determined forms of motivation predicted greater exercise behavior

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13
Q

What is a good strategy for changing motivation

A

Autonomy support

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14
Q

What is autonomy support

A

creating an environment that allows individuals to feel that they have control over their behavior and experiences

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15
Q

What is the over-justification effect

A

When rewarding an activity that the individual already enjoyed, they attribute origin of behavior to external source, rather than internal

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16
Q

What are some consequences of external rewards

A

behavior becomes contingent on reward
reward becomes goal, not the behavior itself
locus of causality shifts from internal to external
evidence for over-justification effect

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17
Q

What is personality

A

enduring patterns of thought, feelings, and behavior that are expressed in different circumstances
Consistent behavior across time and situations

18
Q

What are the two aspects of personality

A

structure: what makes it up
individual differences: how do people differ

19
Q

What are 3 important terms related to personality

A

Needs: achievement, play, affiliation
Temperament: general style of behavior, energy, alertness, emotions
Traits

20
Q

What are traits?

A

emotional, motivation, cognitive, and behavioral tendencies that represent underlying dimensions of personality
How many? How measure? Where from?

21
Q

How many personality traits are there?

A

tons

22
Q

What are the three categories of traits?

A

Broad/universal traits: components
Specific traits: types of human behavior
Leisure-specific traits: leisure contexts

23
Q

What is the lexical approach to discovering universal personality traits?

A

clump similar adjectives together and some clumps might be highly correlated with each other. Can clump together using statistical procedures (factor analysis)

24
Q

What are the big 5 personality traits?

A

Neuroticism
Extraversion
Openness
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
OCEAN

25
Q

What is neuroticism?

A

Anxiety, angry hostility, depression, impulsiveness, vulnerability to stress
Emotionally stable vs. neurotic

26
Q

What is extraversion?

A

Warmth, gregariousness, assertiveness, excitement-seeking, positive emotions
Introverted vs. extroverted

27
Q

What is openness?

A

Fantasy, feelings, ideas, values, actions, aesthetics
Conventional vs. openness

28
Q

What is aggreeableness?

A

Trust, straightforwardness, altruism, compliance, modesty, tendermindedness
Hostile vs. agreeable

29
Q

What is conscientiousness?

A

Competence, order, dutifulness, achievement-striving, self-discipline, deliberation
Disorganized vs. conscientious

30
Q

How do we measure personality traits?

A

Self-report questionnaires
Continuums are better than categories
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator- 16 types
- poor reliability and validity, test-retest problems

31
Q

Where do traits come from?

A

Nature and nurture

32
Q

what is self as entertainment and what are the 3 components?

A

the capacity / ability of people to fill their free time with activities that are satisfying
3 components:
Self: believe they can structure free time
Mind play: using imagination
Environment: going places, seeking out others

33
Q

What are the social psychological processes present in leisure?

A

imitation/modeling
conformity
persuasion
social comparison

34
Q

When are you more likely to model the behavior of another?

A

if they are:
competent, physically attractive, similar to target

35
Q

What is imitation?

A

people imitate the behavior of others
siblings, parent, teacher, uncle, aunty, friends

36
Q

What is conformity?

A

a change in behavior as a result of the real of imagined influence of other people

37
Q

When can conformity be good?

A

in ambiguous situations
crisis situations
experts are present

38
Q

What is persuasion?

A

deliberate attempts to affect someone’s behavior

39
Q

What is the elaboration likelihood model?

A

2 routes of persuasion
central: arguments
Peripheral: things not directly related to the message itself

40
Q

When is a central route of persuasion more useful?

A

person is interested, motivated, able or an expert

41
Q

When is the peripheral route of persuasion more useful

A

person is disinterested, amotivated, not experts

42
Q

What is the self-evaluation maintenance model

A

People are motivated to have positive views of themselves
Relevant domains: success of others is threatening and can reduce self esteem
Irrelevant domains: not threatening, can enhance esteem

Social Psych of Leisure (2 decks)

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