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Social Psych of Leisure > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some features of non-evidence based approaches

A

laws, rules, decisions made based on common sense
quick process

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2
Q

What are some features of evidence-based approaches

A

evidence collected
alternative explanations addressed
theories developed
slow process

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3
Q

What is social psychology?

A

the scientific study of the way in which people’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior are influenced by the real or imagined presence of other people/factors in the social world

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4
Q

what is psychological social psychology

A

focus on peoples thoughts, feelings, behavior

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5
Q

what is sociological social psychology

A

focus on group processes, political influences

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6
Q

what are the three different types of social psychology approaches?

A

focus on the situation
focus on the person
focus on the situation and the person

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7
Q

what is an example of a focus on the situation approach

A

Stimulus-response approach (S-R), behaviorism

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8
Q

what is an example of a focus on the person approach

A

organism-response approach (O-R)
focus on personality traits, individual differences explaining behavior

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9
Q

What is the Fundamental Attribution Error?

A

discounting situational factors on person factors

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10
Q

What is an example of a focus on the situation and the person approach

A

stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R)
Interactionalism

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11
Q

What are the two models of interactionism?

A

Additive model - behavior dependent on person, situation, and the interaction between the two
Reciprocal model - person factors affect the situation that people are in

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12
Q

Who was Norman Triplett?

A
  • 1st social psychology study
  • 1st sport psychology study
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13
Q

Who was Max Ringelmann?

A

French agricultural engineer
Found evidence for social loafing with rope study

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14
Q

What are two examples of ethically questionable research studies?

A

Milgram experiment
Stanford prison experiment

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15
Q

What is the replication crisis?

A

Studies that have been published are later found to be impossible to replicate

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16
Q

What is positive psychology?

A

emphasis on the positive side of life

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17
Q

What are hypothetical constructs?

A

variables that are presumed to exist but are not directly measurable

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18
Q

What is an operational defintion?

A

a definition of a hypothetical construct based on how it can be measured

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19
Q

What is the objective approach to defining leisure?

A

what people do

20
Q

What is the subjective approach to defining leisure?

A

how people think and feel

21
Q

What is an external vantage point?

A

what constitutes leisure is determined by the researcher

22
Q

What is an internal vantage point?

A

what constitutes leisure is determined by the individual

23
Q

What is the experimental method to studying leisure

A

researcher randomly assigns participants to different conditions
measures the construct of interest
Randomization of large sample size
Evidence of causation

24
Q

What are the pros and cons of field experiments?

A

less experimental control but more external applicability

25
Q

What are some non-experimental study methods?

A

Surveys: most common
Time-use Diaries: report activities throughout day or week
Experience Sampling Method: answer questions at random or pre-determined times throughout the day
Naturalistic Observation: observing in natural habitat
Interviews:

26
Q

What are the properties of leisure experiences

A

Emotions, moods, affect, valence
arousal, activation
cognitions
time duration
concentration, focus
self consciousness, self awareness
sense of mastery
sense of freedom, autonomy
sense of relatedness

27
Q

What is the circumplex model of affect

A

two dimensional scale that all emotions vary on
Valence (un/pleasant) and Arousal (de/activated)

28
Q

What are the five emotions?

A

Interest
Excitement
Relaxation
Happiness
Boredom

29
Q

What is Silvia’s Appraisal Theory

A

two appraisals are important in determining if an activity will be interesting to people:
Novelty-Complexity: activity evaluated as new, unexpected, complex, etc.
Comprehensibility: people believe they have the skills/resources to understand it

30
Q

Two happiness-related theories/frameworks

A

Broaden and build theory of positive emotions
peak end rule

31
Q

What is the broaden and build theory of positive emotions

A

negative emotions narrow one’s focus and attention
positive emotions broaden attention and thoughts and can lead to an upward spiral

32
Q

What is the peak end rule

A

our memories of events are biased toward the peak and end of the experience

33
Q

What is duration neglect

A

we do not consider the duration of an experience when evaluating them

34
Q

What is a psychologically deep experience (PDE)

A

experiences that are special, out of the ordinary or meaningful
FLOW is most common

35
Q

What is flow?

A

the process of total involvement
Conditions: clear goals, balance between skills and challenge, immediate and specific feedback
Characteristics: sense of control, concentration, automaticity, loss of consciousness of the self, transformation of time, intrinsically motivating

36
Q

What is engagement?

A

high levels of involvement in narratives
Conditions: unfolding narratives, different forms of stories
Characteristics: focused attention, feeling transported, deep understanding of characters, heightened emotions, effortless, time distortion, sense of self altered

37
Q

What is Absorption?

A

Occur during relaxed experiences
Conditions: NO narrative of performance goals
Characteristics: effortless, time distortion, sense of altered self

38
Q

What are the 4 frameworks of intensity of participation?

A

Serious leisure
Specialization
Involvement
Passion

39
Q

What are the important characteristics of serious leisure?

A

Commitment
identification
unique ethos
sense of enduring benefits

40
Q

What are the 2 four stage models of specialization?

A

MacFarlane: awareness, adoption, continued involvement, commitment
Unruh: strangers, tourists, regulars, insiders
Becoming a pro, becoming more particular about how they engage in activity

41
Q

What are the facets of involvement?

A

Attraction
Centrality
Social Bonding
Identity affirming
Identity expression

42
Q

What are the 7 elements of passion?

A

Toward an object, activity, concept or person
Love
Value/meaningful
Motivational
Integrated into identity
Time and energy/ high engagement
Duality

43
Q

What are the two types of passion?

A

Harmonious - autonomous internalization, control, flexible, adaptive outcomes
Obsessive - controlled internalization, pressure, rigid persistence, maladaptive outcomes

44
Q

What is savoring?

A

efforts aimed at maintaining, enhancing, or prolonging positive experiences
How people cope with good things

45
Q

What is dampening?

A

attempts to down-regulate or stifle positive feelings

Social Psych of Leisure (2 decks)

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