Exam 2 Flashcards
ANA standards of practice – identify teaching as one of the PRIMARY roles of a professional nurse.
-Primarily teach clients and their families
professional colleagues & other health care personnel
-academic institutions
Teaching-learning process involves???
Dynamic interaction between teacher and learner.
Characteristics of Effective Teaching
- Knowledge of subject matter
- Understanding of learning process
- Judgment
- Intuition
Learning Theories
1 Adult Learning Theory
2 Behaviorist Theory
-Positive reinforcement
3 Cognitive Theory
- Domains of learning
4 Social Learning Theory
5 Observational learning
6 Humanistic Learning TheoryAdult Learning Theory
- Need to know
- Learner’s self-concept
- Role of the learner’s experiences
- Readiness to learn
- Orientation to learning
- Motivation
Behaviorist Theory:
learning takes place when an individual’s reaction to a stimulus is either positively or negatively reinforced.
Cognitive Theory:
recognizes the developmental level of learners and acknowledges the learner’s motivation and environment.
Piaget’s 5 major phases of cognitive development:
- Sensorimotor phase
- Preconceptual phase
- Intuitive phase
- Concrete operations phase
- Formal operations phase
Bloom’s 3 Domains of learning:
Cognitive domain
Affective domain
Psychomotor domain
Cognitive domain:
Thinking domain includes 6 intellectual abilities & thinking processes.
(Knowing, comprehending, applying to analysis, synthesis & evaluation.)
Affective domain:
“Feeling” domain is divided into categories that specify the degree of a persons depth of emotional response to tasks.
Includes: feelings, emotions, interests, attitudes & appreciations.
Psychomotor domain:
“Skill” domain.
Includes: motor skills.
Factors Affecting Learning:
Facilitation:
- Motivation
- Readiness
- Active Involvement
- Relevance
- Feedback
- Nonjudgmental Support
- Simple to Complex
- Repetition
Factors Affecting Learning:
Inhibit:
- Emotions
- Physiologic Events
- Cultural Aspects
- Psychomotor Ability
Social Learning theory:
Environment exerts a great deal of control over overt behavior.
Humanistic learning theory:
Focuses on both cognitive and affective qualities of the learner.
Spirituality
Seeking meaningfulness through intrapersonal, interpersonal and transpersonal connections (higher power, etc….)
Aspects of Spirituality include:
Meaning, Value, Transcendence, Connecting, Becoming
Religion, Faith, Hope, Transcendence, Forgiveness
Spirituality is Influenced by:
Life experiences, coping skills, social supports and individual belief systems
Spiritual Needs
- For meaning and purpose
- To express creativity
- For hope
- To prepare for and accept death
- To forgive others
- To cope with loss of loved ones
- To worship
- To be respected and valued
- To be certain there is a God or Ultimate Power
Indicators of good spiritual health:
Uncompromised….faith, hope, peacefulness, etc…
Spiritual Distress
Become challenged in your belief system:
Physiological problems
Treatment-related concerns
Situational concerns
Spirituality development in children
Parallels cognitive and psychosocial development. Conformity to independent beliefs
Spirituality development in older adults
Spiritual well-being directly correlated with mental health.
Describe the influence of spiritual beliefs and/or religious practices upon an individual’s lifestyle and healthcare choices
Beliefs Affecting Diet & Nutrition Beliefs Related to Healing Beliefs Related to Dress Beliefs Related to Birth Beliefs Related to Death
HOPE Questions (spirituality)
H: Sources of hope, meaning, comfort, strength, peace, love, connection
O: Organized religion
P: Personal spirituality and practices
E: Effects on medical care and end-of-life issues
Describe common assessments and nursing interventions to address the spiritual needs of clients
-JCAHO mandates assessment of spiritual beliefs and practices.
-Clinical Assessment
Environment, Behavior, Verbalization, Affect & attitude, Interpersonal relationships
-HOPE questions
Definition of Culture
Congruent language, thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, art, others?
- Learned behavior
- Enculturation
- Assimilation
- Acculturation
Describe the influence of culture upon an individual’s lifestyle and healthcare choices
- Communication
- Environmental Control
- Hygiene
- Space
- Time
- Social Organization
Describe common assessments and nursing interventions to address the cultural needs of clients
-Physical Assessment
Values and beliefs
Biological Variations
Susceptibility
Growth & development
Lab values
Nutrition
Skeletal Frame
Skin Color
-Culturally Competent InterviewDefine the concept of morality as it relates to nursing and health care
- Ethics = Morality
- Right and wrong in conduct, character and attitude
- Moral v. Legal
- Thorough understanding of own morality and what constitutes right and wrong for themselves.
Moral Principles
- Autonomy - own decisions
- Nonmaleficence - do no harm
- Beneficence - doing good
- Justice - fairness
- Fidelity - faithful
- Veracity - truth
Describe theories, frameworks and principles of moral development
- Consequence-based
- Principles-based
- Relationship-based
Consequence-based
- Outcomes of an action is used to judge if right or wrong
- Issues of fairness
Principles-based
-Determination according to an impartial, objective principle
-Follows rules (vary)
Example - rule: do not lie, but someone may find it better to lie than tell truth.
Relationship-based
- Judge actions based on caring & responsibility
- Individual rights but promote common good
