Exam 2 Flashcards
According to Mead, what are the three stages of an individual’s Self-development through socialization?
Play-interacting with family
Game- Interacting with peers
Generalized other-interacting with the larger community
According to Mead, what are the two phases of SELF?
I- spontaneous, creative, and subjective
Me-organized attitudes of others and the broader community. Also determines out self-consciousness
What are mead’s three critical variables of symbolic interactionism?
Mind- interpreting symbols or gestures, emerges from interacting with others
Self-emerges out of the capacity of using symbols and taking on the role of others. (2 phases, I and Me)
Society-built upon taking the role of the generalized other. provides a common reference for the use of adjusting conduct,
What is mead’s interlocking relation of the mind, self, and society?
Its from the reflexive and reflective capacity of the mind that makes taking the role of others possible. Individual self is consistent with the generalized other’s self, which makes social order possible. *society is constructed in the human mind through role taking.
What are Mead’s theories?
Society is constructed through the mind by the mind, the self, and society.
What kind of sociologist is Mead?
Symbolic interactionist
What is the relationship of the id, ego, and superego in personality development?
ID-basic instinctive drive
Ego-conscious efforts to balance pleasure and societal regulations
Superego-Internalized, conscious, values and norms
ID is a primary process and EGO and SUPEREGO is a secondary process. Mind changes from primary to secondary
Freud vs Mead
For mead, attachment to society is through the dev. of self in the 3-stage process of interaction (play,game, gen other)
For Freud, attachment to society is through ego mediating with the Id in line with the demands of the superego.
Both focus on the individual
Freud’s theories
Id, ego, superego, primary and secondary processes, psychosexual development, oedipus complex, happiness is difficult to obtain
What are the central tenets of symbolic interactionist theory?
-humans are symbol creators and users
-humans use symbols to communicate with one another
-human interaction by taking the role of the generalized other
-society is constructed through tole taking, which makes social order possible.
What are two functions of Cooley’s looking glass self?
-you receive judgements not from yourself, but from others, so you internalize the culture.
-self is seen as the basis for social control (through shame and joy)
How does Mead’s symbolic interactionist perspective on society differ?
Society is not a vision of social structure (like weber and durkheim believe), but it is instead constructed through the symbolic interaction of consistency of individual behavior.
It also differs from Simmel as Simmel sees society as constructed through the web of group affiliations, though both emphasized the importance of primary and secondary group socialization.
What is Parson’s social action theory?
Involves unit act (need-disposition) and functions through the organismic (adaptation) system of adaptation to make three subsections functioning.
Three subsystems:
personality (goal attainment)
cultural (latency)
social (integration)
What does Parson’s AGLI stand for?
A-adaptation
G-goal attainment
L-latency
I-integration
Parson’s three subsystems working interdependently
The social, personality, and cultural systems are interrelated through
socialization (social learning)
internalization (incorporation of values and norms)
and institutionalization (community association that binds actions to particular symbolic construction)
Parson’s pattern variables
a dichotomy that describes alternatives of action between which each person has to choose. The actions are shaped by the 3 subsystems (personality, cultural, and social).
Parsons pattern variables: traditional society
affective, collectivity-orientation, particularism, ascription, and diffuseness
Parsons pattern variables: modern society
affective-neutrality
self-orientation
universalism
achievement
specificity
Merton’s manifest functions
the intent
the manifest functions of anti-gambling laws are to suppress gambling.
the manifest functions of christian missions to africa are to convert africans
Merton’s latent functions
the effects
the latent functions of anti-gambling laws created an illegal empire for gambling
the latent functions of christian missions to africa are destroying the indigenous tribal cultures
Durkheim’s anomie and Merton’s strain theory
the breaking down of norms leads to chaos. Merton borrowed anomie to write strain theory
Merton’s goal-means inconsistency
the problem is not created by a sudden change, but when a society holds everyone to the same standards without giving them equal means to achieve them. This leads to deviant behavior. Deviant behavior is a symptom of the social structure
Three contemporary ecological theorists
Hawley-socio ecological
Van den Berghe- socio biological
Lenski- stages perspectives
Hawley’s socio-ecological theory
views social evolution as change and growth in an ecosystem, but change proceeds in equilibrium.
Based on 3 assumptions: production, transportation, and communication
Ven den berghe’s socio-biological thepry
societal evolution are driven by reproductive fitness and produce social solidarity/organizations
3 driving forces: kin selection, reciprocity, and coersion
Lenski’s stages perspective
Views societal evolution as unfolding through different stages of resource distribution hunting, simple horticulture, advanced horticulture, agrarian, industrial
Three contemporary conflict theorists
Dahrendorf-dialectical theory
Mills- theory of power elite
Collins-theory of mico-macro link in stratification
Dahrendorf dialectical theory and ICAs
he believes that the process of institutionalization involves the creation of imperatively coordinated associations (ICAs) that represent distinguishable power dynamics. Some clusters have the power to extract conformity from others. There are those who give orders and those who take orders.
Mills power elite
America isnt under the control of individual decision makers, but controlled by three massive bureaucratic organizations.
these are the corporate businesses, the military and the pentagon, and the bureaucrats of the federal government.
Collins macro micro link
he is concerned with the encounter and how the
micro processes (talk and ritual) contributes to the macro (class cultures and stratification)
Marx’s influences on contemporary conflict theory
In conflict theory, sexual property can be appropriated. Therefore, women are treated as property. Woman’s household labor is part of capitalism exploitation. This is a hidden exploitation.
Weber’s influences on contemporary conflict theory (&theory of legitimacy)
The analysis that each social class has its own culture borrowed weber’s concept of status groups. The question is why different classes inhabit different intellectual and moral universes.
-legitimacy does not come out of nowhere, it is produced. It also varies. The various kinds of organisms that produce it can be called another aspect of mental production.
Basic feminist themes
women’s experiences of most situations is different from men
-it is also less privileged and unequal to men
-it has to be understood in terms of a direct power relationship b/t men and women. Women are oppressed, molded, used, and abused by men
Black feminist theory
-women’s experiences differ based on their total location to society’s arrangements of structural oppression
-Patricia H collins
Theory of race and racism
-WEB Dubois
-there are psycho-socio effects of racism
-double consciousness
-the veil
